COLT AS. 



437 



the neighbourhood of Ta-chien-lu. M. Grum-Grshimailo met with specimens 

 in the Tetung Mountains, N.E. Thibet, and these do not differ from my 

 Ta-chien-lu examples. 



Golias palaeno. 



Papilio palcsno, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 764 (1767). 



Colias palceno, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 49, pi. xi. fig. 1 (1884) ; Prycr, Rhop. Nihon. p. 7, 

 pi. ii. fig. 3 (1886). 



" Expands from 1'75 to 2-70 inch. Wings of the male pale yellow, with a black border, dusted 

 over, and sometimes finely veined, with pale yellow ; the fore wings have a small black 

 discoidal spot, sometimes this is altogether wanting ; the hind wings have a very faint and 

 hardly visible pale spot touching the discoidal cell. Underside : fore wings deeper yellow 

 than above ; the black border of the upperside shows through, giving a darker shade to the 

 hind margin ; discoidal spot small and nearly annular. Hii)d wings greenish yellow with 

 a small pearly discoidal spot. The head, antenuaj, and other appendages, as well as the 

 prothorax and legs, are red ; the meso- and metathoracic segments are black, as well as 

 the abdomen, and are covered with white downy hairs. The margins of all the wings are 

 fringed with rosy red, except at the anterior part of the hind margins of the hind wings, 

 where the fringe is pale yellow. The female has the wings pale greenish white, instead of 

 yellow ; the black border is less sharply defined internally than in the male. 



" Larva green, dotted with black, and having stripes of yellow. 



" The female of this species is, like most of those of the genus, dimorphic, but it departs from the 

 general rule in having the normal form white, as described above. There is, however, a 

 yellow form [var. luerdandi, Herr.-SchiifF.], which is foiind in the higher Alps, and may 

 possibly represent the original appearance of the insect."' {Lang, I. c.) 



Pryer states that this species occurs in Japan at an elevation of over 

 GOOO feet. He adds : — " I have seen it commonly at the Yu-no-taira on 

 Asama-Yama. Owing to the irregular nature of the ground, which is 

 composed of loose volcanic scoriae, it is most difficult to capture. It never 

 seems able to stray far from this place, and may be seen beating up and 

 down, but never descending below this bleak and cold locality." 



Mr. Fenton says :- — " I had great trouble in capturing two couples on the 

 side of a barren volcanic mountain covered with scanty grass, low herbs, and 

 wind-dwarfed pines, at an elevation of about 7000 feet above sea-level 

 (registered by a pocket aneroid)." 



Japanese examples agree with those from Switzerland, as also do Amur- 

 land specimens. 



Distribution. Scandinavia, Russia, Lapland, Switzerland, Tyrol, Pyrenees, 

 Amurland, Japan. 



