440 



PAPILIOXID^. 



side yellower ; the hind wings have the discoidal spot pearly in the centre. The female is 

 somewhat larger than the male, and of a lighter colour, being whitish, but otherwise resem- 

 bling it. Head and antennjE dull red ; body black, covered with white silky hairs ; legs 

 light yellow. 



" Lciri'd cylindrical, or rather slightly thicker in the middle segments than at the extremities ; it 

 is of a dull apple-green, covered with minute excrescences, from each of which grows a minute 

 white hair. A lateral white waved stripe runs through the whole length of the body. 



" Fujja bright green, pointed at both ends, thicker in the dorsal thoracic region, the wing-cases 

 forming a considerable round-shaped projection ; the cephalic and thoracic parts are shaded 

 with purplish brown. 



" Food-plants, Ehamnus frangula and E. catharticus. The eggs are laid by hibernated females in 

 April ; the larva emerges early in May, and is full grown by the end of June, the imago 

 appearing towards the end of July at the earliest." (Lang, I. c.) 



A complete life-history of this species will be found in Buckler's ' Larvae of 

 British Butterflies,' pp. 145-148, pi. i. 



Var. amintha, Blanchard * = var. maanma, Butler. "The primaries well produced at apex as 

 in G. as2>asi(t ; the primaries of male not quite so deeply coloured as in that species, though 

 much more so than in nepalensis ; the primaries a little deeper coloured than the secon- 

 daries and with confluent red brow n marginal spots (as in nepalensis), a character not found 

 in G. aspusia ; orange spot of secondaries nearly as large as in car)iipennis ; costal area of 

 primaries and whole of secondaries below greenish white ; female greenish white, uniformly 

 coloured. Expanse of wings 78 millim. 



"cJ. Nikko; 2. N. China. 



" From nfpaleimsf, to which this species is most nearly allied, it differs in its decidedly darker 

 primaries, its more falcate, more elongated, and altogether larger wings, and the (conse- 

 quently) larger orange spots on the wings, also in the less sinuous outer margin of the 

 secondaries ; from G. aspasia, to which most of these very characters prove its affinity, it 

 differs in its slightly paler primaries and darker secondaries ; the brown edging to the wings 

 and the distinct separation of the under surface into two colours, as in the G. rhamiii group."' 

 (Butler, I. c.) 



This species is common throughout Japan, Corea, and all parts of China 

 visited by my collectors. It also occurs in the Loochoo Islands. 



AJaxhna is the usual form met with ; but some of the specimens from 

 Western China are not distinguishable from examples of nepalensis from the 

 North-west Himalayas in my collection, and others approach exceedingly 



• " Ithodocera amintha, d'un f jors plus grand que le lihodocera rhamni, les ailes ayant les angles 

 mediocres ct unc tachc centrale fauno tres-marquee." (Blanchard, /. c.) 



t Nepalenm, Gray, is described by ]5utier (/. c.) as follows " Wings of l)otli sexes witli well- 

 dcfincd, partly confluent, marginal Ijrown points ; upper surface of male gamboge-yellow, of female 

 creamy wliite, hardly greenish, oven on the secondaries ; wings l)elow wilb costal area of primaries 

 and whole of secondaries whitish." 



