442 



PAPILIONID^. 



mities of the nervules are strongly marked with reddish on all the wings, and 

 the outer margins of the wings are only slightly angulated. The next form 

 is maderensis from Madeira, which is similar in colour to cleobule, but the 

 yellow border on outer margins of primaries is broader and more pronounced ; 

 I took specimens in South-western Morocco which are hardly separable from 

 this form. 



Cleopatra^ common in Southern Europe and North Africa, has the orange 

 colour confined to the central area of the primaries, and the space occupied 

 by it is variable in extent ; in some specimens the wings are very slightly 

 angled, but I have several examples in my collection quite as much angled 

 as in any typical rhanini. Instances of gynandromorphism are not infrequent 

 in this form as well as in typical rhamni, and I have a male rhamni of the 

 female coloration. 



Antonia is a form occurring in Syria and Asia Minor. The orange patch 

 on primaries is much paler than in cleoioatra, and some specimens are hardly 

 separable from typical rhamni. 



Farinosa is larger and more densely clothed with scales than ordinary 

 rhamni, and the outer margin is frequently indented as in G. aspasia. 



The above remarks on the variation of G. rhamni are based on an exami- 

 nation of about 90 specimens from various parts of. Eurojae, Asia Minor, 

 Africa, Madeira, and the Canary Islands in my own collection. 



Gronepteryx aspasia. 



Gonepteryx aspasia, ]\lcuctncs, Sclirenck''s Reis. p. 17, pi. i, fig. G, J" . 

 Gonepteryx aspasia, var. acuminata, Pelder, Wien. ent. Mon. vi. p. 23 (1852). 

 Rhodocera acuminata, Pryer, llhop. Nihon. p. 7, pi. ii. fig. G (188G). 

 '( Rhodocera alvinda, Blanchard*, Compt. Rend. 1871, p. 810, note. 

 " Mas. Alis nreseenti-albidis ; antcrioribus falcatis, disco citrino. 



" Cette espcco so rapprocho beaucoup des G. rhamni ct dcojiatm, mais j'ai cni trouver, d'apivs 

 rcxumeii do <> inalos et 2 femollcs, dos caractores constants capablos d'etablir iitie bonno 



* Ehodocera alvinda, Blanchard, Compt. Rend. 1871, p. «I0, note. 

 " Trt'8 voi.iiri du It. rhamni, plus voLsin du It. axpasia, du Monotrids, des rives du fleuve Amour, 

 ayiiiit Ics ailes plus etroites avec la tache contrale fauve unic ct nullemciit cerclee." 

 (Blanchard, I. c.) 



As the above description is so very meagre it is not possible to say with certainty wliat it refers 

 to, but I tbink the narrower wings point to its being a form of (isjntsia. 



