456 



PAPILIONID^. 



angle confluent ■with the first of the three subapical marginal conical spots, all greyish brown : 

 secondaries with a costal and four decreasing squamose marginal spots blackish. Primaries 

 below with the basal three fifths of discoidal cell and the basal half of costa densely irrorated 

 with dark grey ; apical area sandy yellow, sparsely irrorated with grey ; two discal blackish 

 spots as in /S. rupee : secondaries pale yellow, densely irrorated with dark grey, excepting the 

 veins and internervular folds ; base of costa golden orange. 

 " Expanse of wings 2 inches 4 lines." (Builcr, I. c.) 



P. canidia varies in the size and intensity of the black markings. In some 

 specimens the discal spots are entirely absent above (var. claripcnnis, Butl.), 

 and there are only slight traces of them below, whilst the apical and marginal 

 markings in these specimens are much reduced in size, and dark greyish rather 

 than black in colour. The under surface of secondaries is often sprinkled 

 with dark grey, and extreme examples of this form are the var. sordida, Butl. 

 Some of the females have the spots on outer margin of secondaries very large 

 and more or less confluent. 



Generally distributed throughout China. I took a very large series in 

 Hong-Kong, Foochau, Ningpo, and Gensan, and they varied equally in every 

 locality. The Corean specimens are usually smaller than Chinese examples. 



Fryer obtained the species from the Loochoo islands, but it does not appear 

 to be found in Japan. It is a common species in India ; according to Elwes 

 (F. Z, S. 1888) it occurs in Sikkim up to an elevation-of 12,000 feet, and is 

 very variable in size. 



Staudinger describes a form of this species from Turkestan under the name 

 of palcearctica (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1886, p. 199). Grum-Grshimailo met with 

 this form in stony gorges in the Famir at elevations of from 6000 to 7000 

 feet. 



Distribution. Turkestan, the Famir, India, China, Corea, Loochoo Islands, 

 Hainan, and Cachar. 



Pieris rapae. 



Papilio rupee, Liunajus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 759 (17(57) ; Espcr, Scliractt. i. 1, pi. iii. 



fi{?. 2 (1777) ; llubner, Eur. Schnictt. figs. 404, 405 (1798?). 

 Pieris raju/', liung, Butt. Eur. j). .'50, pi. vi. fig. 4 (1881) ; Prycr, Rliop. Nihon. p. G, 



pi. iii. fig. (5 (188(5). 

 Pieris brassicce, var. crucivora, lioisduval, Sp. Gen. p. 522 (18;3G). 

 Pieris rapce, var. orientalis, Oberthur, Etud. d'Eutoin. v. p. 13 (1880). 

 Pieris rajm, var. vumdschurica, Speycr, Stett. cut. Z(!it. 1882, j). .'579. 

 " Expands 1-50 to 1-75 in. Wings white. Eorc wings duwky at the tip. but not so dark as in 



