PIERIS. 



457 



hrassicce ; two round black spots in the centre of the wing of the female, which is generally 

 darker than tlio male. Hind wings rounded, white, with a small blue costal spot. Under- 

 side : anterior wings tipped with ochre, and with two black spots in both sexes. Hind wings 

 pale ochre, more tinged with yellow than in hrassicce. 



" Larva. Green, covered with down, with one dorsal and two lateral yellow lines. Lives on 

 Cruciferce and is often destructive in gardens. 



" Pupa. Ashy, speckled with black, often tinged with reddish." {Lang, I. c.) 



For a fuller account of the early stages of this species, see Buckler's ' Larvae 

 of British Butterflies,' where figures of the larva and pupa are given. 



Var. CruciVOra, Boisduval. " TJn pen plus petite, avec la base des ailes superieuros largement 

 d'un cendre noiratre (surtout chez la femelle), ainsi que la cote et le sommet. — Japon. Coll. 

 lioisd." {Boisduval, I. c.) 



Described by Boisduval as a form of P. hrassicce. 



Var. orientallS, Oberthiir. Differe du type europe'en par une taille plus grande, un plus grand 

 doveloppement des parties noires et en dessous par une teiute jaune plus pale a I'aile iriferieure. 

 De plus, le long de la cote et presquo jusqu'a I'extremite de la cellule discoi'dale, on voit un 

 lavis d'un jaune assez vif. Je possede line seule femelle d'Askold, une autre semblable du 

 Japon et une troisieme prise dans le nord de la Chine par M. I'abbe Armand David." 

 {Oberthiir, I. c.) 



Var. maildschurica, Speyer. " Al. ant. macula apicali majore, subtriangula, nigerrima, 

 maculisque ( cJ , $ ) cellul. 3 et 1 b supra nigris ; al. post, subtus parcissime pulvereis, maris 

 exalbidis, feminae dilute luteis, margine interiore albo. 



" Patria : terr. Amur." {Speyer, I. c.) 



I have no doubt whatever that crucivora, Boisduval ; orientalis, Oberthiir; 

 and DLandschurica, Speyer, are referable to the large form of P. rapoe which 

 occurs in the summer and is found commonly throughout the region here 

 dealt with as well as in Amurland. Boisduval's description of crucivora 

 certainly applies to this form, and it is probably owing to his placing it as a 

 variety of P. hrassicce — an insect which, I believe, does not occur in any part of 

 Eastern Asia — that M. Oberthiir redescribed the form under the name 

 P. rapce, var. orientalis. 



The typical form of P. rapce also occurs commonly in China, Japan, and 

 the Corea, and exhibits the same range of variation in the black markings as 

 obtains among European specimens. 



Some female examples of P. rapoe which I met with in Kashmir are 

 suffused with blackish scales about the base and disc of primaries, but not to 

 the same extent as in the var. crucivora. 



3p 



