APORIA. 



478 



the discoidal nervulc is united by a short vciiilet with the second subcostal 

 nervulc, forming a secondary cell on the hind wings, sometimes this occurs on 

 one Aving only. The fifth subcostal branch of primaries is in one specimen 

 independent, and as its point of origin is from tlic upper discocellular it is 

 really equivalent to a disccndal nervule. 



distribution. Amurland, the Ussuri, Mongolia, North and Western China. 



Aporia crataegi. 



PapUio cral(P(ji, Liunseus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. /oS (1767). 



Aporia cratcegi, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 27, pi. vi. fig. 1 (1881) ; Pryor, Rhop, Nihon. p. 5, 

 pi. iii. fig. 7 (188G). 



" Expands l"7o to 2-50 in. All the wings are white, more or less diaphanous, more so in the 

 female than the male, without marginal fringe. The nervures are very distinct, and generally 

 have at their marginal ends triangular patches of blackish scales. Antenna) black. Head, 

 thorax, and abdomen of the s:ime colour, and slightly downy. 



" Larva covered with a white down, with the sides and ventral surface lead-coloured. The dorsal 

 surface marked with two longitudinal j'ellowish bands. Feeds in company on the hawthorn, 

 sloe, wild cherry, and other fruit trees. .Sometimes very destructive to orchards. 



" Pujja greenish white, with two lateral yellow lines, aud numerous black points. The larva 

 appears in the spring." (^Lamj, I.e.) 



The early stages of this species are figured in Buckler's ' Larvae of British 

 Butterflies.' 



Common in the Island of Yesso, whence the specimens are larger than 

 European examples, and the females are very thinly clothed with scales which 

 gives them a very transparent appearance. The species does not seem to 

 occur in any other part of Japan. 



Examples from Chang-yang, Central China, are typical, but those from 

 Ta-chien-lu and Ni-tou in Western China are smaller than European 

 specimens ; the wings are broader and the under surface of secondaries is 

 closely sprinkled with black scales. 



According to Staudinger (Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 140), the species is common 

 throughout Amurland, and he states that Herz obtained it in China to the 

 north of Pekin. Alpheraky (op. cit. v. p. 95) records it from several localities 

 in North-western China and Mongolia, and Oberthiir, in the fifth part of his 

 Etudes, mentions it from the Isle of Askold. 



Listribidioii. Europe, Siberia, Amurland, China, Mongolia, Japan. 



3r 



