ANTHOCIIARIS. 



477 



" Pupa. Boat-shaped, at first green, hut changing to greyish yellow, witli clearer stripes. The eggs 

 are laid in tho summer, and tho larva changes to a chrysalis in July, hibernating in this 

 state." {Lanij, I. c.) 



A more extended account of the earlier stages of this species will be found 

 in Buckler's ' Larvir Brit. Butt.' 



Var. thibstana, Obertliiir. " DifFero du type europeen parcc quo les ailes inferieures sont lavecs 



de jiiutie soutrc sur les nervures. 

 " Parait commun a Tu-Tsicn-Lou." (^OhertJiur, I. c.) 



In this form of A. cardamines, which is very common in Western China at 

 Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Wa-ssu-kow, the male has the secondaries more 

 or less suffused with sulphurous, especially about the nerves (I have examples 

 similar in this respect from Greece and Asia Minor) ; the dark apex of pri- 

 maries is much suffused with orange scales. In the female the apical black 

 marking does not extend to the margin (this is also the case in some of my 

 Syrian specimens of the same sex). The most important characters of 

 thihetana are the broader wings and much longer chequered fringes Avhich 

 give the Avings the appearance of being scalloped towards apex. 



Graeser (Berl. ent. Zeit. 18&8, p. 68) states that A. cardamines is fairly 

 plentiful in the neighbourhood of Nicolajefsk, Amurland, in July. The 

 females agree with European examples. In the males the black discoidal 

 spot is either only faintly indicated or entirely absent ; the orange colour 

 extends much further inwards than in European specimens, occupying in 

 some individuals almost two tliirds of the primaries, and extending along the 

 inner margin nearly to the middle of the wing. On the under surface the 

 space between the orange colour and the base of the wing is much more 

 brightly tinged with yellow. I have seen an example of this form in Mr. 

 Elwes' collection and it seems to be a transition between A. cardamines and 

 A. bambusariim. 



Staudinger (Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 142) mentions that Radde captured this 

 species in the Bureja Mountains and that Schrenck met with it from Marinski 

 to Nicolajefsk. He states that he has never received specimens from Amur- 

 land, and this may account for the fact that he does not make any remarks 

 on the difference between Amurland and European examples. 



Alplieraky (Rom. sur Lep. v. p. 100) records a female A. cardamines from 

 Mongolia, but states that the specimen may possibly be a female of A. 

 bamhusariim, Obertliiir, which he says had hitherto only been recorded from 



