PAENASSIUS. 



497 



arc probably the same as those Avhich Blauchard * subsequently described ; 

 but, be this as it may, the latter author's description of the male agrees 

 exactly with that of Boisduval. Both authors state that all the wings are 

 thickly powdered with black, and this character at once indicates the species 

 Jacquemonti and separates it from epajjJius. 



P. jacquemonti is larger and more transparent than P. ejjaphiis, and the 

 clear space before the outer margin is broader ; the fringes are usually marked 

 with black at the extremities of the nervules, Avhilst in P. €])a])hus the fi-inges 

 are always distinctly chequered black and white ; the red ocelli on secondaries 

 are almost always pupilled with white, but among \ran(\xedi'S, oi P. epaplius 

 that I have received from the X.W. Himalayas I can only find indications of 

 white pupils in the ocelli of two specimens, both females ; there is usually a 

 red mark at anal angle in P. jacquemonti, but only one female of P. epajjJius 

 exhibits any trace of this character. Finally the body of P. Jacquemonti is 

 more densely clothed with hair than is that of P. e])aphus, especially on the 

 underside. 



Variation in colour and marking is considerable within certain limits. 

 Many specimens have no red markings whatever on the primaries. In a 

 series of over 40 specimens, which I have selected for my own collection, no 

 two examples are exactly alike. The character of the fringes is in this, as in 

 many other species of the genus, unstable and subject to modification. Among 

 the examples there is one specimen from Kokser which has entirely white 

 fringes on both the upper and under sides, whilst in others, taken at the same 

 time and place, the fringes are more or less chequered. In several male 

 specimens from the Dugi Pass the fringes are almost entii'ely black. In 

 P. epajjJius, on the other hand, the fringes are constant, and the deep black 

 and white chequers are distinct in all the specimens. 



Elwes (/. c.) states that Boisduval probably had the sexes of two difi'erent 

 species under his observation when he drew up the description of P. jacque- 

 monti. I think there is little doubt that this was really the case. M. 

 Oberthiir has the type of the male in his possession and has figured it in the 

 14th livraison of his " Etudes " ; there is, therefore, not the least difficulty in 

 identifying this sex oi P. jacquemonti. The type of the female is, however, 



* The specimen •which Blanchard figures (pi. i. fig. 3) is evidently not the one he describes, but 

 it is probably the specimen he mentions as a variety of P. jaaiuemonti ^vithout red spots on 

 primaries. It is certainly referable to F. epaj^lius. 



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