514 



PAPILIONID^. 



" Thoeax rather stout ; prothorax not strikingly developed. 



" Anterior wings subtriangular, sometimes falcate, elongate, or rounded ; the upper discocellular 



nervule about equal to the space between the two discoidal nervules ; third subcostal 



nervule thrown off immediately opposite the end of the cell ; median and submedian 



nervures united by a basco-mcdian. 

 " Posterior ivings subtriangular or rounded, sometimes gradually prolonged into a tail, more 



often with the outer margin rounded, more or less deeply dentate, with one or more of the 



teeth prolonged into a tail, sometimes of great length ; the precostal nervure two-branched, 



the inner branch bent downwards and united to the costal. 

 " Legs generally long, powerful. Anterior tibiae with a spine of various length, but always very 



distinct. Tarsi with the first joint generally equal in length to the rest combined ; fourth 



joint shoi'test. Claws all simple. 



" Abdomex moderately large, not much elongated. 



" Larva rather short, stout : the tentacula without any external sheath. 



" Pupa supported by a filament passed entirely round it." (Boubleday, I. c.) 



Papilio xuthus. 



Papilio xuthus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 751 (1767) ; Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 20 (1881) ; 



Prycr, Rhop. Nihon. p. 2, pi. i. fig. 2 b (1886). 

 Papilio xuthulus, Bremer, Bull. Acad. Petr. iii. p. 463 (1861) ; Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 4, pi. i. 



fig. 2 (1864) ; Lang, 1. c. p. 21 (1881) ; Pryer, 1. c. fig. 2 a. 



Primaries ])lack ; the discoidal cell has interrupted pale yellow longitudinal streaks from base to 

 middle and two curved spots of the same colour beyond ; there is a central series of yellow 

 dashes, these dashes increasing in length from the fourth towards costa and inner margin 

 respectively ; the first dash is preceded by a spot of the same colour and encloses, as also 

 does the second, a black spot ; an angular pale yellow streak from base of the wing traverses 

 the submedian interspace as far as the seventh central dash, with which it unites, and a 

 straighter streak of the same colour along inner margin, interrupted towards base and 

 terminating under the seventh dash ; a sulmarginal series of eight palo yellow spots is 

 preceded by a greyish interrupted band, iind there is a cloud of the same colour between the 

 first dash of central series and the costa. Secondaries have the i)alc yellow basal half broken 

 up into spots by the broad black venation ; the outer half is black, with a subniarginal series 

 of pale yellow crescents, a central series of bluish s])ots, and an orange spot at anal angle. 

 Pringes pale yellow, interrupted with black at ends of nervules. Under surface of primaries 

 black; discoidal cell outlined in yellow; markings as above, but the greyish band and cloud 

 arc replaced by yellow and the submarginal spots arc very large and only separated from 

 each other by Ihe nervules: secondaries yellow ; venation black, traversed by a black band 

 which varies in widlli and is intersected by a scries of bluish crescents ; outer half of the tails 

 black, and a Itroad Mack marginal line follows the contour of tlieso wings. 



Var. xuthulus. " Ala' llavu', nervis late riigro-lirabatis ; postica; dcntatio et caudatoc. 

 '•Ala; antica; supra jiropc liasin nigro-striata; ; macuHs discoidalibus ti'ibus niargin('()uo postoriore, 

 lunulas murginales fiavas sex includcnte, nigris. Ala; postica) fascia marginali nigra, cocruleo- 



