PAPILIO. 



515 



atomosa, lunuli8 marginalibus flavis sex maciilaquc anguli ani fulva nigro-pupillata vol 

 unicolore. 



" Ala; antica; subtus fascia marginali nigra strigis transversis flavis diiabus intcrrupta. Ala) 

 posticae fascia dentata submarginali nigra coerulco-atomosa, lunulis marginalibus cellularum 

 2-86 et 3-86 flavis, ceteris magnis, subquadratis, aurantiacis, nigro-marginatis, macula rotunda 

 anguli ani eodcra colore, unicolore vcl vix nigro-pupillata. (53-67 m." {Bremer, I. c.) 



Graeser * states that the larva feeds on Pliellodendron amiirense, and that it 

 is greenish black with irregular milk-white spots and bands. When sitting 

 on the upperside of a leaf the larva resembles the excrement of birds. In 

 the summer of 1882 he took a number of larvae of var. xutJiulus, two of 

 which attained the imago state at the end of September and w^ere of the size 

 of xuthulus Avith the typical xuthus markings. Fryer gives JEgle sepiaria 

 and Xanthoxylon schinnifoHum as food-plants of the larva of P. xuthus. 



This is an exceedingly variable species, and ranges in expanse from 

 74-126 millim. in the male up to 130 millim. in the female. Some spe- 

 cimens are much suffused with black ; in others the submarginal black band 

 of secondaries is very wide, its inner edge extending to the discoidal cell as in 

 P. inacJiaon, var. asiatica. The ground-colour varies in tint from pale straw 

 to deep yellow ; in some examples taken by myself at Nagasaki in July the 

 ground-colour is buff. Many specimens have hardly any trace of blue spots 

 on the submarginal band of secondaries, and in such individuals the orange 

 lunule at anal angle is absent. 



The early spring form, var. xuthulus, is always paler in colour than the 

 type, and has narrower black markings. It is usually considerably smaller, but 

 some Chinese examples of this form expand as much as 112 millim. The 

 submarginal yellow lunules of secondaries are not unfrequently suffused with 

 orange, and there is often an orange spot in the first median interspace of 

 these wings. 



Intergrades between the typical form and var. xuthulus occur, and it is 

 sometimes difficult to decide which form certain specimens represent. 



A common species throughout the region dealt with in the present work. 



Alpheraky (Eom. sur Lep. v. p. 94) records a female specimen, taken in 

 July, fi-om Hei-ho in the province of Kan-sou, and one male and two females 

 taken in August at Loun-ngan-fou in the province of Setchouen ; these last, 

 he remarks, do not differ from Amurland and Corean examples, but are not 



* lierl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 02. 



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