PAPILIO. 



517 



posticis costa brovioribus, in rcgiono anali multo magis porrectis, longiua caudatis, maculis 

 submarginalibus minus distinctis, macula anali a lunula atomaria caerulca optime separata, 

 obscurius colorata, fascia maculari nigra paginje inferioris alarum posticarum multo latiore, 

 distinctiore, lunulis atomariis caoruleis apud eas multo latioril)US, in medium fere macularum 

 iiigrarum positis, extus multo minus ab atomis sulpburcis limitatis, fascia submarginali 

 paginiE inferioris incresccntc. Petiolus rami subcostalis quarti ct quiriti alarum anticarum 

 longior quam in machaoae et cellula discoidalis omnium alarum lougior." {Filder, I.e.) 



In Japan the specimens of P. machaon that appear on the wing earliest in 

 the year are all of the typical form, but the succeeding broods produce the 

 variety hippocrates referred to above. This form is distinguished by its 

 greater size and longer tails. The male is of a deep yellow ground-colour, 

 and the female is suffused with black, sometimes to a great extent ; the 

 darkest examples of this form are found in Kiushiu, the southern island of 

 Japan. 



The principal feature of var. asiatica, Menetries, seems to be the broad 

 black band of secondaries which extends inwards as far as the discoidal cell, 

 and the same character distinguishes var. sphyrus, Hiibner, of Avhich I have 

 several European examples in my collection. A modification of this form 

 also occurs in England. 



Chinese specimens of P. macliaon do not exhibit such extreme divergence 

 from the type as those from Japan. At a great elevation, however, in the 

 mountainous districts of West China a short-tailed form (Plate XXXV. 

 fig. 2 d ) is found which closely approaches ladakensis, Moore *, from Ladak, 

 but on the upper surface the black is deeper in tone ; on the under surface 

 the yellow colour is richer, the venation more intensely black, and there is a 

 general absence of red spots on the submarginal area of secondaries. In 

 both the Western Chinese form and in P. ladakensis the length of the tail is 



* " Male. Distinguished from the N.W. Himalaj an P. asinticus by the absence of the elongated 

 tail on the hind wing, which in this form is reduced to a short point but little more acute than 

 the anal angle. The foro wing is comparatively narrower, and the hind wing is less convex and 

 with less acutely sinuous exterior margin. On the upperside the yellow is also of a paler tint : 

 fore wing numerously covered with yellow scales between all the markings, the cell-bands are 

 shorter transversely and broader, and the inner cell-band is regularly quadrate ; the discal bands 

 also comparatively narrower and with more slender intervening black veins ; the marginal row of 

 spots is broader, and the intervening transverse discal area is narrower : hind wing with the outer 

 border of the yellow basal area excavated between the veins, the marginal spots shorter and some- 

 what broader, the anal lobe- spot also smaller and broader. 



" Expanse 3| inches. 



" Hab. Tarhsam, Ladak. In coll. Indian Museum, Calcutta." (Moore, 1. c.) 



