520 



PAPILTONID^. 



The early stages of P. podalirius are described by Lang as follows : — 



Larva. " Yellowish green, covered with red dots, with yellowish lines on the back and sides and 

 with oblique streaks. In shape it is thick in the middle and tapering towards the extremities. 

 Feeds on almond, sloe, plum, apple, pear, and oak in June and September." 



Pupa. " Light straw-colour, the wing-cases being browner." 



Distribution. North-Central and South-Central Europe, France, North Italy 

 to Spain, South Russia, North Africa, Western Asia and the Altai [Lang), 

 Western China. 



Papilio mandarinus. 



Papilio ghjcer'wn, var. mandarinus, Oberttiir, Etud. d'Entotn. iv. p. 115 (1879). 

 Papilio paphus, de Niccville^ Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. Iv. p. Sui, pi. xi. fig. 6, ^ 

 (1886). 



" Male. Intermediate between P. (jlycerion. Gray, and P. iamerlanus, Oberthiir. Differs from the 

 former in being larger, the fore wing less profusely marked with black on the outer margin, 

 both above and below, the hind wiug having the disc crossed by a narrow black line, which 

 is joined posteriorly to a continuous subbasal line, the wing-membrane between the discoidal 

 nervule and the anal angle much broader. On the underside of the hind wing there is in 

 P. Ijaphus a series of six elongated streaks of the ground-colour divided by the nervules, 

 from the costal nervure to the first median nervule outside the cell, -these streaks being much 

 shorter in P. ghjcerinn, the ones in the costal, subcostal, and second median interspaces of 

 that species being divided in the middle by a black bar into two spots, the anterior one in 

 each instance being yellow, in P. paphus they are undivided and concolorous with the ground 

 throughout. It difi'ers from P. tamerlamis on the upporside (no figure is given of the under- 

 side of that species nor any detailed description) in having the two black bands at the end of 

 the cell of the fore wing parallel and conjoined in the middle as in P. fjlijcerion, the black 

 bands of the hind wing much less prominent. It is also a smaller insect, but agrees with it 

 in the rounded apex of the fore wing, and the width of the wing-menabranc at the anal angle 

 of the liind wing. 



" Expanse J 3 inches." (cle Niccville, I. c.) 



Female. Usually larger and more transparent than the male, and the black markings arc fainter. 

 This sex is much i-arer llian the male, and Ims not been previously referred to. 



Under tlie impression that this species was the Chinese form of the Indian 

 P. f/ff/renon, Mr. Obertliiir described it as var. mandarinus. Glycerion docs 

 not, however, seem to occur in Cliina, but is replaced in that country by a 

 closely allied species which I have described as P. eurous. 



Mandarinus is an exceedingly common insect in AVestern China. It is 

 also found in Sikkini, and tlic specimens from thence {j)ai)Jnis) do not differ 

 in any important particular from the Chinese examples. 



