PAPILIO. 



541 



Var. hSBinatostictuS, Butler. " In Tesso Mr, Maries caught the female of a species which in 

 18(»2 we received the male of from Hakodate. It is allied to P. mencius of Felder (males of 

 which Mr. Maries obtained at Kiukiang, China) ; hut the wings are darker, the tails on the 

 secondaries are more slender, the submarginal lunulcs are absent from the upper male 

 secondaries, and are less arcuate and smaller upon the upper surface of the female. To this 

 species I give the name of P. Juematostictus." (Butler, I. c.) 



This is one of the commonest Papilios occurring in the region dealt with 

 in the present work ; there are several broods in the more southern districts. 



The species is exceedingly variable both in size and shape as well as in 

 colour and marking, and several of the forms have been named and described. 

 The males range from 84-114 millim. in expanse, and the females from DO- 

 UG millim. The tails are subject to considerable modification both as 

 regards breadth and length, and they may be either spatulate or of almost 

 uniform width throughout. Some male specimens are entirely without red 

 lunules on upper surface of secondaries, whilst others have five or even six well- 

 formed and conspicuous lunular marks ; the gradations between these 

 extremes are represented in my series. In several specimens of both sexes, 

 taken by myself in the island of Kiushiu, the lunules are yellow instead of 

 red. The female appears to be constant in Japan, but not in the Loochoo 

 Islands, where it varies in shade of ground-colour. The palest females are 

 from Southern Japan (alcinous), and are light fawn in colour with yellow 

 lunules ; whilst the darkest, Avhich are almost black, are from Central China. 



Pryer, who states that the larva which feeds on Cocculus thiinhergii 

 " resembles a partially ripe mulberry, and the pupa is beautifully sculptured," 

 says of the imago : — " The male emits a peculiarly sweet, musky odour when 

 alive. The female also emits a fainter odour, but to me this is as unpleasant 

 as that of the male is pleasant." 



Distribution. Western and Central China, Corea, Japan, and Loochoo 

 Islands. 



Papilio plutonius. 



Papilio plutonius, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. ii. p. 16^ pi. iii. fig. 2 (1876). 



" Les ailes superieures du male sont d'un noir un peu transparent avec les nervures marquees en 

 noir et des traits noirs longitudinaux compris entre ces nervures, absolument comme dans 

 les especes du groupe de polyeuctes^ philoxetius, et celles du groupe d' alcinous, mendun, entre 

 lesquelles le Papilio jilutonins forme une remarquable transition. 



'* Les ailea inferieures sont noires, glacees d'un reflet cuivreux, avec la poche anale brune ct coton- 

 neuse ; elles sont assez profondement decoupees, ont une queue courte et spatule'e, et sont 



