PAPILIO. 



555 



reddish spots placed between the nervules, of which the upper three are the most obscure ; a 

 red spot above anal angle more or less fused with the inner whitish spot. Anterior wings 

 beneath as above, but paler ; posterior wings with the red spots larger and brighter than 

 above, and with a small additional whitish spot within and just before cud of cell (this spot 

 is frequently visible above). Head and pronotum black, with an anterior pronotal collar and 

 a tuft between the eyes carmine-red. Abdomen red, spotted above and beneath with black ; 

 thorax beneath and legs black ; lateral margins of the thorax at base of wings carmine-red. 



" Female. Eesembling the male, but the anterior wings broader, and the red submarginal spots to 

 the posterior wings rather more obscure. 



"Exp. wings, S 2 , 7i> to 90 millim." {Distant, I. c ) 



The larva and pupa of P. diphilus, Esper, are figured by Horsfield and 

 Moore (Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. pi. ii. figs. 5, 5 a). Distant states that P. aristo- 

 Jocliice is a variable species, and that there are no constant differences between 

 the type and var. diphilus. 



The description given above seems to apply very well to Chinese examples ; 

 these do not, however, exhibit much variation, excepting in the prominence 

 of the red submarginal lunules of secondaries and the size and number of the 

 white discal spots. 



The species seems to be widely distributed. I met with it commonly near 

 Foochau, in April 1886. Mr. W. B. Fryer records it from Ningpo. My 

 collectors met with it commonly at Kiukiang, and I also received it from 

 Chang-yang, Central China, and from Huang-mu-chang, Western China. 



It occurs in most parts of India and in Burma, Malay Feninsula, Penang, 

 Malacca, Siam, and Java. 



Papilio epycides, 



Papilio epycides, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. ii. [Pap.) pi. vi. fig. 16 (1864). 

 Papilio horatius, Blancliard, Comptes Rendus, Ixxii. p. 809^ note (1871). 



" Fpperside. Male dark brown. The discoidal cell of the anterior wing grey ; the posterior wing 

 with the cell white ; both traversed longitudinally by two lines of black, one of which is 

 bifurcate : both wings traversed longitudinally between the nerviires by grey-white, followed 

 closely by a transverse band of white spots, and on the posterior wing by a second sub- 

 marginal band of similar white spots, the anal spot large and orange ; the abdomen with four 

 rows of white spots. 



" Underside as above, except that it is paler, that the anterior wing is traversed at the apex by 



rays of white, and that the costal margin of the posterior wing is broadly rufous brown. 

 " Expan. Z-rf^ inch. Hab. North India. 

 " In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson. 



" This species has been known to me for several years, but until I had au opportunity of examining 

 several specimens I was unwilling to describe it. It is nearly allied to P. agestor, but 



