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dividiials belonging to the Negro type who have attained to a very con- 

 siderable degree of superiority over other portions of the same race, while 

 there are others who, on the contrary, have sunk very low. The same remark 

 may be applied to the other races. The difficulty to my mind is that, from 

 whatever point of view we regard them, whether as improving or the reverse, 

 these varieties are always clearly and distinctly marked, and have been able 

 to preserve these characteristics, and this distinctiveness, through so many 

 successive generations. When we go into our museums and see what is 

 depicted on the ancient monuments and sarcophagi of Egypt, we find that 

 the same type of the negro and the same types of other peoples were in 

 existence thousands of years ago, as those which are met with at the present 

 day. (Hear, hear.) I have no doubt myself, and I think that the evidence 

 from all sources proves, with sufficient clearness, that all these varieties have 

 descended from one pair but the difficulty is how this marked variation 

 has taken place, and why it is that, having taken place, it should continue 

 with so much constancy, spread as the different varieties are all over the 

 world, and preserving throughout so much uniformity in variety. This 

 uniform variety of distinctive Types has been scarcely touched upon 

 in this paper. Of course the writer could not, within the limits assigned 

 him, have gone into all the details connected with the numerous subjects 

 he has touched upon, but in hearing him mention the variety of forms in 

 which the human race is found, I had rather hoped to have heard something 

 with regard to these fixed lines of division — this definite and persistently 

 maintained subdivision of the human species, which enables us to see this 

 or that type prevailing uniformly, age after age, in various countries. 

 Throughout the difi'erent varieties, and in every case where we find either 

 higher excellence, or positive degradation, there is in each type the same 

 uniformity, constant and unchanged. More accurate and extended observa- 

 tion has found other types besides those which I have already mentioned. 

 Through many generations, many thousands of years, these types have con- 

 tinued ; and so far as we can look back, — so far as the evidence of monuments 

 goes,— we find no trace of the variation becoming less marked ; on the 

 contrary, it is as much marked on the very oldest monuments of Egypt as it 

 is in the present day . Now, although I wish it to be understood that I am 

 not in the least doubting the fact of our common derivation from a single 

 pair, I cannot help seeing that this is an argument, so far as it goes, 

 in favour of there having been a separate origin, in the same way as we 

 use the argument against the Darwinian theory, that we cannot see 

 any traces of change from the giraff'e to the cow. I think the fact I have 

 pointed out requires a good deal of consideration. One thing to which 

 it points, is the great antiquity of man. It seems to me that when 

 we look at the length of time during which no variation has taken 

 place in the several types of humanity, the evidence thus furnished does 



* This conclusion is also Professor Huxley's. [Ed.] 



