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PKOFESSOE he:nky webstee pakkee^ ox 



quantity ' from a zoological point "of view ; there must exist 

 another set of important characters ^hich have not been taken 

 into account. In short ' actual rank' in nature is not necessarily 

 synonymous with ' zoological rank,' They can only be harmonized 

 by giving due systematic value to such characters as reason, 

 mind, soul, and above all spirit." 



Mr. H. F. KiEBT (F.L.S.). — I am sorry to say that I have not 

 had much time to consider the Paper beforehand, dealing as it 

 does with a large subject. Still I may say that I find that many 

 naturalists of the most opposite schools of thonght agi'ee in 

 considering that man ought to form a separate kingdom by him- 

 self. On the other hand I think that the Author of the interesting 

 Paper we have had to-night should not include social insects in his 

 account at all, because they stand entirely apart from man in the 

 conditions of theii^ lives and deserve to be treated independently. 

 I see nothing unreasonable in the idea that there may be 

 several totally different classes of reasoning beings in the same 

 Avorld, separated in the same manner as vre are from domesticated 

 bees. In the case of ants I very much doubt whether animals 

 much larger in proportion as we are removed from ants would judge 

 of our proceedings as being any more rational than those of ants 

 appear to us. in addition to which it is believed that ants have an 

 extension of the sense of sight, at all events, which no other 

 higher animal possesses. Sir John Lubbock considers the range 

 of their sight, by analysis of the spectrum, as quite equivalent to 

 ours, and they can see further than we can on the violet side. 

 Whether that has to do with the simple eyes or ocelli Avhich ants 

 a7id many other insects possess I do not know ; but it is stated that 

 the rudiments of these ocelli exist in some animals, notably in some 

 lizards, and aj^parently in some of the fossil vertebrates they were 

 more highly developed. It may be that the chemical action of the 

 sun was greater than at present, and therefore there was more 

 visible chemical action to be taken into account. 



Dr. H. W, Hubbard. — The subject is one that I have not con- 

 sidered much, but there is one point that I might allude to in 

 which man stands apart fi'om all other organisms, namely, in 

 his articulate speech. It has been somewhat recently discovered, 

 and is now very clearly marked out by all naturalists and 

 philosophers, that in the human brain there is a space that is 



