While careful investigation of the many travellers' stories 

 has invariably given negative results regarding the existence 

 of tailed races, so many individual instances of homo caudatus 

 have been observed, that the popular belief in them has been 

 kept alive without difficulty. With the growing interest shown 

 by anatomists and anthropologists in the subject, the number 

 of cases which have been reported has become considerable, 

 and the fact that the human embryo at a certain period of de- 

 velopment is provided with a tail-like appendage has lent 

 color to the discussion of the question. Bartels in 1884 

 referred to one hundred and sixteen persons who had recorded 

 observations upon tailed men. Of these, over sixty cases had 

 been more or less completely described. In 1892 Schaeffer" 

 collected additional cases, adding in all twenty-five. Pyat- 

 nitski ° has also given an elaborate account of the subject, 

 and still more recently Kohlbrugge,^ in connection with an 

 admirable description of a very interesting case, has made 

 valuable comparisons with previous work. From the United 

 States five cases have, to my knowledge, been reported/ 



community of tailed men in Turkestan. These were held in the utmost 

 contempt by the other people, and were therefore condemned to con- 

 stant inbreeding. They were referred to as "Kuju rukly Tatar," which 

 in German is rendered Stirikendes Ungeziefer mit Schwdnzen.'''' The tail 

 was supposed to be a special curse in that it hindered the possessor 

 from sitting properly on his horse. 



*Oskar Schaeffer : Beitrag zur Aetiologie der Schwanzbildungen beim 

 Menschen. Archiv f. Anthropol., Bd. xx, 1892. 



5 1. S. Pyatnitski : On the Question of the Formation of a Tail in Man, 

 and of Human Tails in General, according to Data from Literature and 

 Personal Researches. Dissertation. St. Petersburg, 1893 (Kussian). 



6 J. H. F. Kohlbrugge: Schwanzbildung und Steissdriise des Menschen 

 und das Gesetz der Riichscklagsvererburg. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift 

 voor Nederlandsch-Indie, Deel Ivii, 1898. 



''Dickinson: A Child with a Tail. Brooklyn Medical Journal, vol. 

 viii, 1894. 



Halsted Myers: A Caudal Appendage. Proceedings of the New York 

 Pathological Society, (1893) 1894. 



Julian Berry : Baby with a Tail. Memphis Medical Journal, vol. xiv, 

 1894. 



A. Ecker : Der Steisshaarwirbel (vertex coccygeus), die Steissbein- 

 glatze (glabella coccygea) und das Steissbeingriibchen (foveola coccygea), 



(2) 



