ill JS'orth- Eastern America. 



9 



upon the agricultural value of the soils which rest upon the coal- 

 field of A ew Brunswick. 



During my stay in that province I was enahled, throuo-h the 

 kind co-operation of the Surveyor-general, the Hon. !Mr. Brown, 

 and other parties, to publish a map, in which, by different 

 colours, were represented the qualities of the soils over its entire 

 surface. This map included, in addition to the observations 

 made and informxation collected during my own tour, the greater 

 part of the knowledge which had previously been obtained 

 during the numerous surveys m.ade under the direction of the 

 Surveyor-general and by order of the provincial government. It 

 was, therefore, an exceedingly valuable document, not only in a 

 directly-economical point of view to the practical men of the 

 province — but theoretically also, as affording the means of 

 comparing the actual observed value of the soil in anv locality 

 with the indications of its geological structure. From that map 

 I have extracted the accompanvino: triangular portion, which 

 represents the area of the coal-field, over which, almost every- 

 w^here, those grey, generally thin-bedded, sandstones extend, 

 which are exhibited in the geological sections above given (?sos. 

 I. and II.), and which naturall}' produce the poor soils I have 

 already repeatedly described. On looking at this map, however, 

 it wdll be seen that various kinds of shading, here substituted 

 for the colours of the original map, are scattered irregularly over 

 its surface. These different shadings indicate to the eye the 

 kinds of soil which are actually found in the several parts of this 

 extensive area. The shading — 



No. I. indicates land of the first class, which in its natural state 

 will produce 2 J tons of hay an acre. 



Xo. II. is land of the second quality, which produces 2 tons of 

 hay an acre. 



These two are represented by the same shading, as the quan- 

 tity of each in this part of the province is A'ery small. 



No. III. is land which produces l-j tons of hay. 



No. IV. produces 1 ton of hay per acre. 



No. v., though covered for the most part with narrow-leaved 

 tim^ber, is considered in its present condition to be incapable 

 of profitable cultivation ; and the shading 



No. VI. indicates the sites of known bogs, svramps, &c., which 

 in various places rest upon this incapable surface. 



Now, at first sight, it might appear as if there were no ac- 

 cordance whatever between the indications of geology taken 

 alone, and the actual observed qualities of the soil, as represented 



