J 0 U 11 N A L 



OP THE 



EOYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 

 OF ENGLAND. 



I. — Relations of Geology to Agriculture in North-Eastern America. 

 No. II. By James F. W. Johnston, F.R.S.L. & E., Hon. 

 Member of the Royal Agricultural Society. 



III. Relations of Geological Structure to Agricultural Capability 

 in the Province of Nero Brunswick. — The examples of a close 

 relation between geological structure and agricultural capability, 

 which I introduced into the preceding part of this paper,* were 

 interesting to the English reader chiefly in their purely scientific 

 and economical bearings. Referring to the Atlantic border of 

 the United States, and to the interior of the State of New York, 

 they would come home, if I may so express myself, to few among 

 ourselves as 'a matter of directly personal concern. It will be 

 somewhat different as regards the example I am now about to 

 submit. It is drawn from one of our own British provinces, 

 where many of us have friends and relatives, and where wide 

 unoccupied lands exist, to which we may emigrate without 

 either abandoning our loyalty or giving up our connexion with 

 the homes of our fathers. 



The province of New Brunswick contains an area of 18 mil- 

 lions of acres ; much of this is still covered with forests, and 

 many districts still unexplored even by the lumberer. As repre- 

 sented in the geological maps hitherto published, its central part 

 forms an extensive coal-field, bounded on the north by a riband 

 of granitic and of old metamorphic and slate rocks, which runs 

 diagonally — or in a north-east and south-west direction — across 

 the whole province. On the south and south-west it is bounded 

 along the shores of the Bay of Fundy by a belt of slate rocks of 

 uncertain age, altered and hardened by extensive masses of hard, 

 intrusive trap, which give an inhospitable and uninviting cha- 

 racter to the region over which they extend. This coal-field 

 occupies about one-half of the whole area of New Brunswick ; 

 and, as it is situated in the central part of the province, the rocks 



* See this Journal, vol. xiii. Part I. 



VOL. XIV. B 



