On the Farming of Suffolk, 



303 



which either falls through holes into the cart or into a sack hung 

 on hooks. 



The frame is fitted into a cart in a short time, and when har- 

 vest is ended it is removed from the cart and laid up ready for 

 another season. 



Made of larch-poles the cost for materials and workmanship 

 is under 3Z. 



The management of maiiures demands some attention. In the 

 heavy-land district the term ''muck and manner " signifies a com- 

 post formed of earth dug from borders, the scouring of ditches, 

 and other soil, which have been removed to form a bottom for the 

 farm-yard manure ; where it can be conveniently obtained, chalk 

 is used by some for this purpose. The manure is carted from the 

 yards principally from Christmas to June^ and either thrown from 

 the carts on these heaps of soil, or the carts are drawn on the hill 

 and unloaded by kicking up. By the first method fermentation 

 commences immediately, the manure quickly becomes rotten, and 

 there is consequently a great loss of bulk ; by the latter very little 

 heat arises, the pressure of the carts causing the manure to keep 

 as free from change as if it was still trodden by the cattle in the 

 yards. Two turnings are frequently given, by which the manure 

 and heavy stuff become mixed ; a portion of the earth is laid on 

 the outside of the heap to prevent waste and the escape of gases. 

 Manure fresh from the yards is used by some farmers for roots : 

 those who object to this system say that unprepared dung does 

 not so readily decompose in a stiff soil as it does in a light one. 



Great loss of bulk is undoubtedly sustained by the method of 

 preparing dung that is frequently adopted ; and this loss, being 

 occasioned by the escape of vapour and fluid, no doubt causes 

 some loss in the fertilizing power of the manure. Compost, 

 formed in the proportion of 10 loads of heavy stuff to 20 loads of 

 dung, leaves from 20 to 25 loads when applied to the land; this 

 is reckoned by some who do not manure for roots as a dressing 

 for an acre of land for wheat. It is a question not yet agreed 

 upon by the Suffolk farmers, whether the manure should be ap- 

 plied for green crops or for wheat ; the latter on the heavy land 

 is frequently too bulky a crop, and is consequently laid, and 

 therefore one would imagine the manure is best for the green 

 crop, which can never be too heavy. Manure throughout is 

 chiefly manufactured in yards. 



Cattle are generally bought in lean in the autumn, fed on white 

 turnips, then swedes, and afterwards beet, with corn and cake or 

 compound, and sold fat from February to June. Cattle are 

 chiefly grazed in yards, the polled home-bred ; and Galloway 

 Scots are considered to be the best, from their quiet nature, for 

 open yards, though short-horns are very often fatted. Though 



