affecting the Pea-civps, Mangold-wiirzel, and Beet. 403 



armed with strong jaws, &c. ;* the larger eyes are long, vertical, and 

 lateral ; behind them is a yellow spot, and inside, on the face, is a patch, 

 a small spot, and between them an oval one on the nose, all yellow ; on 

 the crown are 3 minute eyes called Ocelli, forming a triangle; the short 

 curved horns are inserted in front of the face, and are 12-joinLed in the 

 females; they are rusty beneath at the base, the 1st joint being the 

 longest and stoutest ; 2nd, globose; 3rd, slender and longer than the 

 following, which are a little oblong, tiie terminal joint ovate : thorax 

 convex, oval ; 2 yellow spots on the collar, a transverse one behind the 

 scutellum, and an oval one on each side of the metathorax ; scapulars 

 yellow also : abdomen long and elliptical, attached by a narrow base ; 

 the segments contracted at their union ; 6-jointed ; 1st joint small, pear- 

 shnped, with a yellow lunate spot on each side; 2nd, large, cup-shaped, 

 yellow, with a black triangular space at the base, 2 following with nar- 

 rower yellow margins, 5th with the yellow margin broader; apex with 2 

 elevated lines, forming an ellipsis : wings 4, tinted with brown, espe- 

 cially at their tips ; superior ample, with a small rusty stigma ; 1 mar- 

 ginal and 4 submarginal cells, the 2nd attached by a short nervure : 

 legs 6, strong, orange-coloured ; trochanters black, as well as the base of 

 the 4 anterior thighs ; shanks spiny outside, spurred at the apex ; feet 

 5-jointed, ciliated, with spiny appendages outside, and terminated by 2 

 claws and pulvilli. — i?/a/e smaller, face more yellow with a yellow patch 

 under the basal joint of the antenn8e, which are 13-jointed; yellow 

 marks of the trunk smaller, the 2 spots on the metathorax wanting, and 

 those on the basal segment of the abdomen are only minute dots ; there 

 are 7 segments with 5 yellow bands, more equal than in the female ; the 

 thighs are blacker, and the hinder pair are black also, excepting the 

 base; the hinder tibiae are likewise blackish at their extremity, and the 

 forefeet are not ciliated with spines. 



' Economic entomology,' or a knowledge of those insects which 

 injure cultivated crops, is so vast a field of discovery, that every 

 season brings forth fresh subjects for investigation ; and although 

 this arises in a great measure from the neglect which has 

 attended this important department of natural history, it seems as 

 if a cycle were revolving, which exhibits species previously 

 unobserved, at intervals of greater or less extent; and whether 

 regular or irregular cannot be determined for want of data : 

 rare and unnoticed species, no doubt, become abundant or 

 scarce by changes of temperature ; certain and continued currents 

 of air, a want of food in their accustomed localities, and similar 

 phenomena, may also change the regular course and geographical 

 distribution of insects for a season; so that enemies to the 

 cultivator may suddenly become great annoyances in latitudes 

 where they had been previously unknown ; and may there 

 remain until a counter-action takes place, either of climate or 

 by parasitic agency, which at once sweeps away the plagues and 

 releases us from those great armies which are emploved by the 



* Curtis's Brit. Ent., pi. 269, for the dissections, &c. 



