Agriculture of Northunilcrhntd. 



425 



1. Fiillow ... 10 

 Potatoes or turnips 5 



■ — . . 15 acres. 



2. AVheat . . .10 

 Barley ... 5 



— . . 15 



3. Clover, bean?, or peas . . . 15 „ 



4. Oats 15 



60 acres. 



1. It is scarcely necessary to point out the advantage, of being 

 able to add turnips to this rotation, and since the value of guano as 

 a manure for this root was fully known, there seems to be no limit 

 to its production ; thus furnishing the farmer with an increased 

 quantity of farm-yard dung for his corn-crops, on which the guano 

 has a much less certain effect than on the turnip-crop. The land, 

 intended for turnips, is ploughed immediately after harvest^ and 

 as soon as it is sufficiently dry in the spring it receives one furrow 

 across the ridges; and afterwards^ until sufficiently reduced, three 

 or four ploughings in the direction of the intended turnip-drills. 

 When a sufficient quantity of farm-yard dung can be procured, 

 it is sometimes spread on the level surface ; and drills about 

 28 in. wide raised with the ordinary plough. More commonly 

 the drills are raised, and the manure deposited in small heaps for 

 every three drills. After being spread on by women and children, 

 the dung is covered by a double mouldboard plough, reversing or 

 sjditting the drills, and the land is ready for the seed. During its 

 growth the crop receives the usual attention of horse and hand 

 hoeing, and finally furrov/ing up so as to lie dry during the winter. 

 Of late years several different varieties of turnips have been intro- 

 duced, but at present the favourites seem to be the swede, hybrid, 

 and border imperial for winter storing ; and for early use none 

 can be more suitable than the common white globe. 



2. After the turnips are sown, the remainder of the fallow receives 

 four or five ploughings during the summer; the manure or lime 

 being laid on and covered in by the last ploughing but one, which 

 is, if possible, done before harvest. The quantity of manure varies 

 with the situation of the farm, and the means of the farmer, be- 

 tween 15 and 30 loads per acre. As in turnips, so in wheat, 

 several different varieties have lately been introduced. Few of 

 them have however withstood the test of experience ; it being 

 found that the fine wheats from the south of England are apt to 

 become coarse and unproductive when sown in this county. Spar- 

 ling's Prolific, and a few others, are deservedly favourites. As the 

 names of the new wheats are mostly local, a mere list of them 

 could convey little information. This grain is usually sown broad- 



