On the Deanston frequent Drain System. 



33 



about to break up this field and to put it through a rotation, in the 

 confident hope of increased production. I have also ordered a field 

 of 20 acres^ of dry and good land, cropped out by a bad tenant, to 

 be treated with a view to this experiment on subsoils. The field 

 lies in two ridges on the bank of the river Esk : the soil is alluvial 

 deposit : on the lower ridge next to the river the surface is a fine 

 loam of 1 2 inches deep, incumbent on a subsoil of sandy loam ] 6 

 inches deep. On the upper ridge the loam does not exceed 8 inches, 

 but the subsoil is a good clay 13 inches deep: in the hands of 

 tenants up to the present time, the depth of the furrow ploughed 

 has never exceeded (j inches. I have ordered the lower flat to be 

 trench-ploughed to the depth of 14 inches, bringing the virgin loam 

 to the top ; I have ordered the upper flat to be stirred with Mr. 

 Smith's subsoil-plough, thus breaking the lower crust, without 

 changing the surface. The whole is to be manured equally with 

 bone-dust, and a crop of turnips is to be taken. 



I shall be happy, at a future time, to communicate the compara- 

 tive result of this different treatment ; and I trust I may be pardoned 

 for my present intrusion, which arises from my anxiety to fix the 

 attention of the farmer on this question of the treatment of subsoil, 

 which b}^ judicious management, I think, may add to the power of 

 production without cost ; especially when the surface by long and 

 repeated cropping has been exhausted and has become compara- 

 tively sterile. At the commencement of our publication I could 

 not omit an opportunity of endeavouring to use it for the legitimate 

 purpose of inviting accurate experiment, with the ^-iew of circulat- 

 ing and extending agricultural knowledge. 



I have the honour to be. 

 Sir, 



Your faithful Servant, 



J. R. G. Graham. 



Nelherhy, 26th Januanj, 1839. 



IV. — Report of several Operations in Thorough- Draining and 

 Subsoil-Ploughing, at OaJdey Parl\ From Mr. Richard 

 White. Communicated by the Hon. Robert H. Clive, 

 M.P. Read Feb. 27th, 1839. 



Sir, 



I beg leave to send you herewith a statement of the particulars 

 of the extent of draining and subsoil-ploughing, together Avith the 

 expenses attending the same, upon the farm in your own occupa- 

 tion. I consider it best to give it you in detail, that you may be 



