Oil the Making and Ihiwj Tiles for Uncle r-Drain'ng. 351 



clay (oolitic) formation^ and some veins of it^ being sliglitly calca- 

 reous, clialk marie beina; near, burn white-v/are. 



2. The earth is begun to be raised from the pit in November^ 

 and this process is continued till February, during which it receives 

 the wet and frost of winter v/hich meliorates it much. 



3. About the middle of February the heap is covered with 

 sand, if the earth be too strong, in a quantity proportioned to the 

 reduction of strength required ; but, whether sanded or not, it is 

 turned over and v/atered during the turning. This process is twice 

 gone through, and is finished early in April. 



4. The moulding or making commences about the beginning of 

 April, and continues till the middle of October; the earth for 

 common ware is turned once over, and for better ware twice or 

 thrice, ]3efore being put into the m.ould, but for superior ware 

 (called hollov/ vrare or odd ware), such as copings, white or straw- 

 coloured bricks for house- fronting, pavements for house-floors, 

 &c., it should be either ground in a tub-mill (also called a pug- 

 mill), or washed in the mill shown at in the Plan No. 3. 



5. The relative situations of the kiln and the kilnman's house 

 and offices, with his ground for digging, &c. An excellent ar- 

 rangement of the whole is shown in the Plan No. 1. 



Plan No. 2 shovrs the position and dimensions of the kiln, 

 sheds, and hakes. 



Plan No. 3 shows the ground plan and sections of — 



1. The kiln, ground plan 16 by 12 feet clear, A. 



Section B, 12 feet high. 



Section of front arches for burning with coals, C. 

 Implements used in burning, D. 



2. Ground plan of wash-pit for fine ware, E, the grate opeuiiig 



in a large sliailow pit, where the washed earth lies to dry for 

 several months : see Plan 1. 



3. Shed for Bricks to dry in (Section) F. 



n feet wide, 3J high to eaves, 10 to ridge. 



4. Shed for Tiles (Section) G. 



14 feet wide, 1 liigli to eaves. 11 feet to ridge. 



Plan No. 4. Moulds, &c., for Tiles. 



(a) Mould for large drain -tiles, 13^^- in. by 11^ ir., woiked on 



a stock (fixed block) on which it fiis. 



(b) Form of bender (profile). 



(c) Section of bender lengdiways. 



(d) Mould for small tile, 13-Hn. by IMn. 



vcral other patents have been receutl}' taken out for supposed improvements 

 in this new branch of agricultural uianufacl urc : the individual merits of 

 these different modes, however, will only be ascertained by comparison and 

 experience. 



