352 On the Making and Using Tiles for Under-Draining. 



(e) Section of small tile on bender, and horse or rest for it. 

 N.B. The ends of the moulds must be slightly scooped inwards to 

 allow for the flat being bended into the arched form. 

 (/) Mould for large tunnel-tiles for gateways, &c., 1 8 in, by 1 5 J . 

 (rj) Ditto on bender. 



(h) Small tunnel-tile mould, 15 in. by 14f. 

 (0 Same on bender. 



(k) Mould for the bottom tiles, 11 in. by 5 J. 

 (/) Pallet of bottom tiles. 



6. The kiln is of bricks first 4 bricks thicks then 3 bricks, 

 then 2 bricks, banded round the top with iron straps, and em- 

 banked outside. This kiln holds about 50,000 small tiles and 

 bottoms, about 30,000 large with bottoms, or about 28,000 bricks 

 only, but about 5000 bricks are found necessary to burn the tiles 

 well, 2 bricks occupying the place of 3 tiles. The sheds are 

 built of oak posts, set in the ground with fir-pole plates and 

 rafters pantiled. The kiln takes 52,000 bricks to build, of 

 which 7000 are fire bricks for the arches, the rest common 

 bricks ; these are burnt in a clamp for that purpose, on the spot, 

 at 20.S'. per 1000. The bricklayer's, the iron and other work in 

 building it was 00/. There are 80 yards in length of shedding 

 for bricks, costing in labour and nails to build 4s. 6d. per yard, 

 and 40 yards in length of tile shedding, costing in labour to build 

 4s. per yard, and 40 yards of shelves, costing 2s. 4d. per yard; 

 also 73 squares of roofing, taking 11,700 pantiles to cover, and 

 400 ridge-tiles. The cost of the whole establishment, exclusive 

 of house and offices, which pay rent, is estimated at 235/., without 

 timber, which is the produce of the estate, but this might have 

 been sold for about 100/., and these buildings are sufiicient to 

 burn off 300,000 ware of all sorts, though requisite for half that 

 number. 



7. In the process of making the tiles the moulder fills and 

 strikes the mould, takes it off the stock, and lays it on the bender ; 

 an attendant boy presses it to the bender, dips his hands in water 

 and washes and smooths the tile, then carries it on the bender, 

 and places it on the shelves shown in Section G, Plan 3, 

 where it dries by a thorough draft, which draft is regulated by 

 moveable reed skreens ; when dry enough to move without damage 

 they are placed one upon another on the hakes or piles in the 

 sheds till placed in the kiln ; the bottom tiles are transferred from 

 the mould to a pallet-board piled 10 to 15 tiles high (/), Plan 4, 

 and placed on hakes till hard enough to move ; they are then 

 separated into handfuls of 5 each, and chequered, i. e. placed so 

 as to have air circulate till ready to be burned. 



8. In setting the kiln it is requisite to place the ware as shov. n 

 in B, Plan 3, viz., first several tiers of bricks, then draining tiles 



