12 BULLETIN 1423, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



Taui-e 2. — A;ifr///s/.\ of food value of lichens, other fornye plants, ami ciiltinitcd 



f/rains and grasses^ 



Species 



Moisture Ash 



Fat 



Protein 



Starch 



Cellulose 



lichens: 



Cetraria islandica 



Cladonia rangiferina 



Stereocaulon jiaschalc 



Parmelia encausta 



Parmelia saxatilis 



A verace 



Browse: 



Salix liastata - 



Salix lapponicum ... 



Salix glauca 



Salix herbat'Ca .. .. 



.\verago ... 



Grasses: 



Poa alpina 



Aira flexuosa monlana 



Average 



Grains: 



Corn 



Barley.. . 



Oats 



Average .. 



Meal: 



( 'ottonseed meal 



Linseed meal 



Oat meal. 



Average 



Hay: 



Timothv 



Alfalfa 



Average... 



Per cent 

 14. 50 



15! 00 



15 00 



is! 00 



15.00 

 15.00 



Per cent 

 1. 15 

 L40 

 90 

 K85 

 8.05 

 10. 70 



Per cent 



2. 10 



3. .W 

 2. 15 



1. 75 



2. 25 

 14. 75 



Per cent 

 2. 80 

 1.00 

 2. 05 

 6. 35 

 6. 10 

 5. 30 



Per cent 

 74. 90 

 76. 00 

 49. 40 

 56, 60 

 51,25 

 47. 15 



Per cent 

 4.55 

 2.45 

 30. 50 

 18. 45 

 17,35 

 7. 10 



14.92 



4. 01 



4. 42 



4.03 



59.22 



13. 40 



15.00 

 15.00 

 15.00 

 15. CO 



4. 40 



3. 60 

 5.50 

 3. 85 



3.00 

 2.65 

 4. 00 

 2. 75 



14.80 

 14.00 

 12. 85 

 14. 85 



51.10 

 47.00 

 47. 75 

 47. 30 



11.70 

 17. 75 

 14. 90 



16. 25 



15. 00 



4. 34 



3. 10 



14. 12 



48. 29 



15. 15 



15. 00 

 15. 00 



3.90 

 4. 70 



2. 30 

 2. 80 



U. 60 

 10. 15 



41.85 

 44, 00 



25. 35 

 23. 35 



15.00 



4. 30 



2. 55 1 10. 88 



42. 92 



24. 35 



11.30 

 10 90 

 11. 00 



1. 40 



2. 40 



3. 00 



5. 00 

 1.80 

 5.00 



10, 50 

 12. 40 



11, 80 



70. 10 

 69. 80 

 59. 70 



1. 70 



2, 70 

 9. 50 



11.07 



2. 27 



3.93 1 11. .57 



66. 53 



4.63 



8.20 

 9.20 

 7. 90 



7. 20 

 5.70 

 2.00 



13. 10 

 7. 90 

 7. 10 



42.30 

 32. 90 

 14. 70 



23.60 

 35. 40 

 67. 40 



5.60 

 8. 90 

 .90 



8.43 



4. 97 



9.37 



29. 97 



42. 13 



5. 13 



13.20 

 8.40 



4. 40 

 7. 40 



2. 50 

 2.20 



5. 90 

 14. 30 



45.00 

 42. 70 



29. 00 

 25. 00 



10. 80 j 5. 90 



2. 35 10. 10 43. 85 



27,00 



1 The analysis of lichens, grasses, and browse for this table was obtained from a translation of the Nor- 

 wegian " Report of Grazing Committee on the Use of t lie Ilarang Section — Lands Oe])artment " (Indstilling 

 fra Fjeldlu'ilekoiiiileen om llardangorviddens utnyttelse — Landbruksdepartenieiitet), Krisliania 

 (Oslo), lUU. The comparable figures for grains, meal, and hav were obtained from "Profitable Stock 

 Feeding," bv II. R. Smith, 1913. 



of forajre in Alaska and to the presence of larjie natural grazing 

 areas (■ai)able of being divided into intlividual grazing allotments, 

 each coinplete in it.self. The nomadic liabit of the Lapp requires 

 that he hanille his reindeer under a clo.se-lierding ))ractice; but in 

 Alaska, to obtain the best results under a lixed-allotment system, 

 open herding must be practiceil. 



SIZE OF HrRDS 



The reindeei- are now run in licrds of from less than 400 up to 

 8.000 head, and in one case 12,000, with the average about 2.:>i)0. 

 Hecau.se of the large natural grazing units, the impracticability of 

 dividing the range among numerous small lierds, and the fact that 

 reindeer on the range are not so amenable to control as are sheep but 

 must lie handled more like cattle, the future tendency will be toward 

 the larger hei'ds. The numl)er of animals to which each herd may 

 inci-ease is limited l)y the carrying capacity of the individual allot- 

 ment. The size of an allotment is governed, of course, by its natural 



