IMPROVED REINDEER HANDLING 



17 



Construction of range improvements, especially herding cabins and 

 in some cases short drift fences. 



Employment of improved corral and chute in handling the herd 

 at round-up time for marking, castration, and separating; eliminat- 

 ing roping as much as possible. 



Construction of a large holding pasture adjoining the corrals in 

 which to keep the herd during the round-up. 



Reduction of losses through attention to diseased and injured 

 animals. 



Marking fawns on the basis of percentage ownership of female 

 stock; in the case of strays from adjoining herds, marking fawns to 

 the owner on the basis of 50 per cent of the females passing through 

 the chute. 



Prompt registration of brand or ear mark; elimination of numer- 

 ous marks through adoption of one common mark for a family or 

 community. 



Castration by use of knife and emasculator. 



Elimination from the breeding herd of scrub stock, both male and 

 female, and of barren does. 



Reduction of herd bucks to the proportion of 5 to 10 for each 100 

 does. 



Selection of largest and best bucks of dark color for breeding 

 purposes. 



Elimination of white and spotted animals of the lighter shades 

 from the breeding herd. 



Butchering by humane methods and at right time of year. 



Emphasizing quality of product and permitting only the best meat 

 to reach the market. 



Reduction of warble and nose-grub infestations to a minimum. 



Salting on interior areas. 



Use of sled and pack reindeer in handling the herd. 



Training and keeping in the herd at least 10 sled reindeer for each 

 1,000 head of stock. 



Proper seasonal use of range, and careful attention to the use of 

 lichen areas. 



Guarding against range fires and combating them when they occur. 



