68 GORILLAS AND CHIMPANZEES 



less, but they have been so long used to represent 

 these sounds of speech that it would be difficult 

 to supplant them with others, even if such were 

 desired. 



As no literal formula can be made to represent 

 the phonetic elements of the speeeh of chimpanzees, 

 I have taken a new step in the art of writing by 

 framing a system of my own, which is rational in 

 plan and simple in device. 



The organs of speech always act in harmony, and 

 a certain movement of the lips is always attended 

 by a certain movement of the internal organs of 

 speech. This is true of the ape as well as of man, 

 and in order to utter the same sounds each would 

 employ the same organs, and use them in the same 

 way. 



By this means, deaf mutes are 9.ble to distinguish 

 the sounds of speech and reproduce them, although 

 they do not hear them. By close study and long 

 practice they learn to distinguish the most delicate 

 shades of sound. 



In this plain fact lies the clue to the method I 

 have used. It is, as yet, only in the infant state, but 

 it is possible to be made, with a very few symbols, 

 to represent the whole range of vocal sounds made 

 by man or other animals. 



The chief symbols I employ are the parentheses 

 used in common print. The two curved lines placed 

 with the convex sides opposite, thus, ( ), represent 

 the open glottis, in which position the voice will 

 utter the deep sound of "O." The glottis about 



