OTHER KULU-KAMBAS 183 



condition, otherwise the act will be, at least in part, 

 mechanical or imitative. In all my efforts to study 

 the mental calibre of animals I have confined them 

 strictly to their own judgment, and left them to work 

 out the problem alone. By this means only can we 

 estimate to what extent they apply the faculty of 

 reason. No one doubts that all animals have minds, 

 which are receptive in some degree. But it has 

 often been said that they are devoid of reason, and 

 controlled alone by some vague attribute called 

 instinct. Such is not the case. It is the same 

 faculty of the mind that men employ to solve the 

 problems that arise in every sphere of life. It is the 

 one which sages and philosophers have used in 

 every phase of science. It differs in degree, but not 

 in kind. 



This kulu-kamba knew the use of a corkscrew. 

 This she had acquired from seeing it applied by men. 

 While she could not use it herself with success, she 

 often tried and never applied it to the wrong purpose. 



She would take the deck broom and scrub the 

 deck, unless there was water on it, in which event 

 she always left the job. She did not seem to know 

 the purpose of sweeping the deck, and never swept 

 the dirt before the broom. This was doubtless 

 imitative. She only grasped the idea that a broom 

 was used to scrub the deck, but she failed to observe 

 the effect produced. However, it cannot be said 

 with certainty to what extent she was aware of the 

 effect, but it is inferred from the fact that she did 

 not try to remove the dirt. 



