42 



E. M. MUSEUM MEMOIRS. 



and was set well down between the shoulders. The dorsal series, which increase 

 in size backwards, have the same approximate lengths in different parts of the 

 back as in the Mastodon. The laminae of the anterior dorsal region indicate lighter 

 spines than in Mastodon, still somewhat produced to support the elongated 

 and inclined head. The lumbar spines are rather short and bifid, the 

 sacrum consisting of four vertebrae. The four anterior caudal vertebrae have 

 unusually broad transverse processes and a slight neural arch, indicating quite 

 a long tail. In summary, the back was as long as that of the Mastodon, and the 

 neck was considerably longer. 



We have more or less complete ribs from every portion of the trunk. 

 Several of them have been figured, placed in their approximate positions. The 

 most anterior indicates a narrow opening at the neck ; those behind arch widely 

 from the tubercle outwards, indicating a capacious chest. The number of ribs 

 was either nineteen or twenty. 



In the appendicular skeleton we have complete limb-bones of both genera. 

 The fore-shoulder is restored from a scapula of Uintathcrinm found with the 

 vertebrae and pelvis. The outline is drawn from a plate, kindly lent us by Prof. 

 Cope, of a Loxolophodon scapula. The humerus and fore-arm belong to the 

 same individual as the cervical vertebrae. The foot-bones are from other 

 individuals. We possess the scaphoid, lunar, cuneiform, magnum, and unciform ; 

 also two metacarpals. The outlines of the toes are after Marsh's drawings. The 

 pelvis is from the Uintatherium skeleton which, according to Cope's figure 

 closely resembles that of Loxolophodon. The hind-limb is from a perfect femur 

 of Uintatherium, and tibia and fibula of the same genus. In drawing these a 

 slight allowance has been made for the larger size of the Washakie-basin genus. 

 The feet are from different individuals, the outlines from the same sources as the 

 fore-foot. The bones in our possession are the calcaneum, astragalus, navicu- 

 lar, cuboid, and others which cannot be positively placed. 



The angle of the limbs at the elbow and knee has been decided by the 

 character of the hind-limb, which except in length bears a close resemblance to 

 that of the elephant. It is improbable that this limb was more flexed in the 

 Eocene than in the modern genus. A greater flexure at the elbow would lower 

 the head and enable us to account more readily for the manner of feeding, but 

 this is not sustained by the character of the limbs. 



The body was nearer the ground than in the elephant, while more elevated 

 than in the modem rhinoceros. The animal stood about six and a half feet 

 high at the withers, and very little lower at the rump. The head, which meas- 

 ures about two and a half feet, was probably carried so that the occiput was 

 vertical. From snout to rump, therefore, the animal measured fully twelve feet. 

 The forward projection of the lower teeth, abutting against a callous pad on the 



