OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



89 



dactyla-Cerviclae, the typical American deer Odocoileus is abundant. 

 Negatively we note the absence or disappearance of Perissodactyla- 

 Tapirus, of Carnivora-Machserodontinse ; these absences may have 

 been due to local conditions ; the machserodonts are frequently asso- 

 ciated with a Plains fauna, as in the California asphaltum deposits. 

 The nonappearance of the genus Cervus as well as of Rodentia- 

 Hystricomorpha is significant. 



A large number of new types appear. Among primates the pres- 

 ence of Homo is indicated, in the opinion of certain anthropologists 

 (Putnam), by supposed bone implements; others (Merriam^) regard 

 this evidence as inconclusive. Among Carnivora-Ursidse, remains of 

 Vrsus and Ardotherium are very numerous ; among Felidse, Felis (a 

 species of large size), Lynx; among Canidse, Urocyon, Vulpes, Canis; 

 among Mustelidse, Taxidea, Mephitis, Spilogale, Putorius; among 

 Procyonidse, Bassariscus; among Rodentia, 17 existing species; 

 among Artiodactyla, (a) Dicotylidse, Platygonus (a doubtful determi- 

 nation); among {b) Cervidse, OdocoiUus; among (c) Bovidse, Bison; 

 among (d) Rupricaprinse, Haploceras; among (e) Ovinse, Eucera- 

 iherium ^ (related to Ovihos); among (/) Camelidse, Camelus; among 

 Edentata, Megalonyx (a forest and foothill edentate), 4 species; 

 among Perissodactyla-Equidae, Equus, 2 species; among Proboscidea, 

 Mastodon (its first appearance, the species at present indeterminate), 

 ElepJias primigenius (f E. columhi) . 



Washtuclcna Lake, WashingtonS — Of about the same age are the 

 deposits of Washtuckna Lake, Washington, a forest, mountain, 

 and open-country fauna, imperfectly known. Among Carnivora- 

 Mustelidse, Taxidea; among Felidse, Felis concolor, F. canadensis; 

 among Edentata, Mylodon; among Perissodactyla-Equidee, Equus; 

 among Artiodactyla-Cervidse, Alces, 2 species, Odocoileus, 1 species; 

 among Camelidse, Camelus, 3 species; among Rupricaprinse, Haplo- 

 ceros. 



Samwel cave, California. — In Samwel cave, Shasta County, Cal., 

 is found (Furlong ^) a fauna much more recent than that of the 

 Potter Creek cave, including Preptoceras (with affinities to Ovihos 

 and closer affinities to EuceratJierium) . Among Rodentia the Hystri- 

 comorpha appear; among Artiodactyla-Cervidse, Odocoileus; among 

 the absent or nonrecorded forms, Ursidse, ArctotJierium. 



a Merriam, J. C, Recent cave exploration in California: Am. Anthropologist, April-June, 1906, p. 221. 



b Sinclair, W. J., and Furlong, E. L., Euceratherium, a new ungulate from the Quaternary caves of 

 California: Bull. Dept. Geology, Univ. California, vol. 3, 1904, pp. 411-418. 



c Matthew, W. D., List of the Pleistocene fauna from Hay Springs, Nebraska: Bull. Am. Mus. Nat, 

 Hist., vol. 21, 1902, pp. 321-322. 



d Furlong, E. L., The exploration of Samwel cave: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 22, Sept., 1906, pp. 

 235-247. 



