2 
NTMPHALID.E. 
Marshall & de Niceville, Butt. Ind. i. p. 42 (1883) ; Distant, Rliop. Malay, p. 408, 
pi. xli. fig. 15, c? (1886) ; Pryer, Rliop. Nihon. p. 29, pi. viii. fig. 9. 
Danais sita, KoUar, HiigeFs Kasclimir, iv. p. 424, pi. vi. (1848). 
Caduga tytia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud, 1883, p. 249; Lep. lud. p. 61, pi. xv. 
figs. 1-1<=, S ? (1890). 
Primaries black, the discoidal cell and submedian interspace to beyond the middle filled in with 
pale blue ; there are three spots of the same colour on costa beyond outer extremity of discoidal 
cell, and three subapical streaks ; the median interspaces are occupied by large pale blue spots, 
and there are two series of bluish-white spots ou the marginal area. Secondaries ferruginous ; 
the cell and basal half of submedian interspace pale blue, and there are spots of the same 
colour in the nervular interspaces ; a series of bluish-white spots on marginal area ; there is 
a bifurcated reddish streak in the cell. Male with a velvety black glandular patch near 
outer angle. 
Head and thorax black, marked with whitish ; abdomen ferruginous above and ringed with white 
beneath in the male, but entirely white in the female. 
The female only differs from the male in having the spots on outer margin of upper surface of both 
wings better defined. 
Expanse 80-110 millim. 
This is a conspicuous species, and one of the largest of the genus. It 
occurs throughout the Himalayas ; in China it is common, is found all over 
Japan, and has been recorded by Oberthiir from the Isle of Askold. 
I observed a curious habit this Butterfly has, on the Island of Kami 
Kosliigi, off the coast of Satsuma. Just at dusk they ceased flying, and each 
chose out a small dead branch of a fir tree, on which it hung close to the 
trunk, with the Avings folded over its back. They were very easy to see, and 
appeared never to choose a large branch or one more than fifteen feet above 
the ground. By working with my net on a long bamboo I succeeded in 
procuring an extensive series in a very short time. 
According to Col. Lang, as quoted by Marshall and de Niceville, this insect 
frequents the wooded glens in the Western Himalayas, at an altitude of 
GOOD to 7000 feet. Capt. A. Graham Young observes that it is not uncommon 
in Kulu, and that there are four broods in the year — the first brood appearing 
in April, and the fourth in October. 
Tlie specimens in my own collection were captured from May, throughout 
tli(! summer, to tSeptember, and at elevations ranging from sea-level in Japan 
to 1)000 feet in Western China. The Chinese and Japanese specimens are 
rather darker than examples from India. 
