PAEEBA. 
115 
Papilio terpsiehore, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. ccxcviii. figs. A-C (1780). 
Acraa unomala, Kollar, HiigcFs Kaschmir, iv. pt. ii. p. 425, pi. iii. figs. 3, 4 (1818). 
Fiilvoiis, venation black. Primarios have the costa black, and the outer margins of all the wings 
have a band of the same colour in which are placed a series of fulvous spots ; there is a black 
irregular-shaped mark in the middle of the discoidal cell, and the discocellular ncrvules are 
sometimes broadly black ; beyond the cell there is a black dash from the costa, which in some 
specimens extends to the third median nervule ; the submedian and median interspaces each 
have a black spot. Secondaries frequently without any discal markings, but occasionally 
there arc from two to four black spots beyond the cell, the higher number united and forming 
a short transverse band in some specimens. Under surface paler ; primaries have a whitish 
patch between the cell and apex ; outer marginal band whitish, limited internally by a zigzag 
black line. Secondaries, sometimes paler than primaries, have a whitish band on the outer 
margin, limited by a zigzag black line, and preceded by a broad fulvous band. 
This species is an exceedingly variable one ; at one end of the range of 
variation there are female specimens in which the primaries are black, Avith 
a few more or less indistinct yellowish spots, and the secondaries with a 
broad black band and a series of yellowish spots on outer margin. At the 
other end there are male specimens pale fulvous in colour, and with the 
costa and outer margin of primaries narrowly black ; the neuration, with the 
exception of the subcostal nerve and its branches, which are usually black, is 
only slightly darker than ground-colour : secondaries have a black zigzag line 
before the outer margin. 
Common in June and July at Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, Wa-shan, Pu-tsu-fong, 
Huang-mu-chang, province of Kwei-chow, and Western China, also at Chang- 
yang and Kiukiang in the same months. 
The authors of 'Butterflies of India' (i. p. 319) say that Pareha vesta 
occurs locally throughout the Himalayas from the Chenab to Sikkim, and its 
range extends through the Khasi hills to Upper Burma. It has been taken 
in Chumba by Major C. H. T. Marshall. Captain Graham Young has sent 
me specimens from Kulu ; and writing of the habits and life-history of 
the species^ (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 243), Mr. Moore quotes the 
following note from that gentleman: — 
" Larva feeds on the willoAv-leaved nettle [Bohcemeria salicifolia). Imago, 
July to September. Eggs deposited in September, and hatch in about twenty 
days. Length of young larva three to four lines, entirely black. When 
about three weeks old they moult and then hibernate, reappearing in the 
folloAving April. They moult again early in May, when they assume the red 
head. The larvae generally feed on the upper branches of the plant, are 
R 
