118 
NTMPHALTD^. 
With regard to the proper position of Calinaga, de Niceville observes 
6'.): — "Mr. Kirby in his Catalogue of 1871 placed it second in the 
Papilioninae, but in his Supplement of 1877 placed it in the Nymphalinse, 
in which subfamily it was originally described by Mr. Moore. M. Oberthiir 
[Etud. d'Ent. vi. p. 11 (1881)] remarked that the characters furnished by the 
antennsB would indicate that the position of the genus lies between Leuconea 
(a genus of the subfamily Pierinee, of which the European Black-veined 
White, Aporia cratcegi, is the type) and Parnassius. Mr. Butler [Ann. & 
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvi. p. 309 (1885)] has recently described a species from 
' near Assam,' and has prefixed the following note regarding the genus, 
which, however, he retains in the subfamily Nymphalinse, between the genera 
Hestina and Ergolis. ' The genus to which the following species ( C. hrahna) 
belongs has hitherto been placed in this part of the Nymphalinse ; I have, 
however, not the least doubt (in spite of its short thickened antennae) that its 
proper place is in the Satyrinae, between Zethera and On'noma; the neuration 
of the wings is almost identical with that of the latter ^enus.' As the fore 
legs of Calinaga are completely pectoral and unfitted for walking, the proper 
position of the genus is among the Nymphalidse, though a knowledge of its 
transformations is necessary for determining its exact position in that family." 
There appear to be only two species in this genus, as C. buddha, Moore, 
and C. brahma, Butler, are probably forms of one species. These occur upon 
the southern and eastern slopes of the central plateau of Asia. 
Calinaga davidis. (Plate XX. fig. 1,6.) 
Calinarja davidis, Obcrtliur, Etud. d'Entom. iv. p. 107 (1879). 
(Udinaya buddha, Oberthiir, op. cit. vi. p. 11, pi. viii. fig. 6 (1881). 
'* Wings rounder than those of C. buddha, the pale portions of the wing are rather greenish than 
yellowish, and the white marginal spots are much reduced on tlie upper as well as on the 
under surface, the tint of the blackish markings is greyer with less brown in its composition 
and more transj)arent." (Oberlh 'dr, I. c.) 
In addition to the characters indicated by M. Oberthiir, as quoted above, 
tlie thorax of C. davidis is much less robust, and the reddish-brown hairs with 
which it is clothed in front are not nearly so bright as in G. biiddhn. 
There arc two forms of this Chinese Calinaga. One of these occurs at 
Moupin, Wa-ssu-kow, and Chow-[)in-sa, Western China. Examples from 
the first-named locality agree almost exactly with Oberthiir's figure, except 
that the dark colour is deeper in tone, almost black in fact, and agreeing in 
