156 
NYMPHALID^. 
Graeser (Beii, ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 82) describes the early stages of this 
species as follows : — 
" Larva. Of the usual Ajniiitra shape. Dark green, with paler oblique streaks on the sides ; there 
arc two pointed wart-like projections, each furnished with several sharp spiny hairs, on the 
back of the 6th-12th segments ; those on the 6th, Sth, and 11th longer and thicker than those 
on other sr^ments ; the anal segment terminates in two rather long sharp points. The head 
is marked with reddish-brown stripes, and the very long projections, which are directed 
forward, have roundish knobs and bear a few obtuse accessory spines. On the uppersido of 
the larva, as fur as the bluish-green spiracles, there are a number of short spines, which are 
longest and closest together on the sides of the head ; the area below the spiracles is covered 
with fine yellowish hairs. Feeds in June on elm (Ulmus). 
" Pupa. Whitish green, differing only from the pupa of A. ilia or A. iris in having a series of 
obtuse elevations ou the sharply ridged upperside of the body." 
Dr. Fixsen c.) records seven male specimens taken by Herz in the 
Corea, and states that they are larger and finer than Amurland examples. 
Dr. Staudinger, however, appears to consider that the species does not 
occur in the Corea, as he says (Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 120) that A. 7iycteis is 
peculiar to Amurland. I have not seen specimens of the species from any 
part of the region treated of in the present work ; the only specimens I have 
are from Amurland, where the types were taken by Maack. 
According to Staudinger, A. cassiope, Menetrics, is nothing but a remark- 
able aberration of A. nycteis. 
Apatura subcserulea. (Plate XV. fig. 1, $ .) 
Apatura subccerulea, Leech, Entomologist, xxiv., Suppl. Feb. p. 9 (1891); Grose Smith 
& Kirhy, Rhopal. Exot. pt. xix. [Apahiru) p. 2, pi. i. fi^s. 3, 4, ? (1892). 
Male. Primaries fuliginous, basal half tinged with greenish ; the central yellowish-white fascials 
represented by three spots below costa and three below second median nervule ; the submar- 
ginal band is indicated by some ycUowish-white spots ; the largest of these are placed in the 
subcostal and median interspaces ; in the first median interspace there is also a round but 
obscure black spot : sonic fulvous spots towards anal angle. Secondaries fuliginous, tinged 
with green over the l)asal three fourths ; on the outer limit of this green suffusion are some 
fulvous spots, most distinct towards costa, and a 1)lack spot towards anal angle; the pale 
outer margin is intcrrnijted at the nervules with fuliginous and intersected by a transverse 
fuliginous lino. Under surface whitish blue : primaries are clouded with fuscous along the 
inner margin and on central area, and the markings of njjporsido arc rcjjroduced ; the 
secondaries arc traversed ])y a silvery-white fascia (faintly showing through on the upper- 
side), bordered internally with pale oclircous brown and an external suffusion of the same 
colour ; the 8])ot a))ovc anal angle has a pale centre, and is ringed with pale fulvous ; a 
Ijalo ochreouB-brown line, jtarallcl with outer margin, is proccsdod by a silvery band. 
Expanse, J 88 niillini., 9 100 millim. 
