228 
NYMPHALID^. 
series of fulvous linear spots ; towards the apex this border in some specimens coalesces with 
the marginal spots, leaving three fulvous spots between. Hind wing with a spot closing the 
■ cell, three angled series of black spots in continuation of those on the fore wing, the outer 
margin as on the fore wing. Underside paler. Fore wing with the submarginal series of 
black spots pupilled with silver, a prominent silver spot within the uppermost spot of this 
series, and five apical marginal silver spots increasing to the third, which is the largest. 
Hind wing with a silver spot at the base, just beyond the prsecostal nervure, a very large 
silver spot between the costal and subcostal nervures, with a triangular one beyond, reaching 
the interspace below ; two small silver spots towards the base of the cell, a very large one 
beyond, extending beyond the cell, an elongated silver spot at the base of the submedian 
interspace, with another somewhat quadrate one beyond it ; two elongated sUver spots below 
divided by the internal nervure. A small round silver spot towards the base of the first 
median interspace, a discal series of three silver spots increasing from the first median to the 
submedian interspace, a twice curved discal series of small dark spots with silver pupils and 
outer fulvous ring ; a very prominent marginal series of subtriangular spots, of which the 
first, fourth, and seventh are smallest, the intermediate pairs of spots abaut twice the size. 
Cilia pale fulvous. The margin bears two fine dark ferruginous lines, and all the silver spots 
are more or less defined with black. Female similarly marked , but the dark basal ground- 
colour of the upperside distinctly greenish." {de Niceville.) 
I received a few specimens of this species from Ta-chien-lu; they are 
referable to the form known as isceea, Gray, from the Himalayas. Mr. Elwes, 
referring to this form (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 55G), says that it can 
be distinguished from European latoiiia " by the silvery patches in the cell of 
the hind wing below being lanceolate or rather pointed towards the outside, 
and angled towards the costa, instead of oblong, as in European specimens. 
This character fails to distinguish about four of my forty specimens. A more 
constant and better distinction is the form of the silver patch at the abdominal 
angle, which extends in the Himalayan examples in a band of diminishing 
breadth almost to the end of the lanceolate patch above mentioned, whereas 
in the European specimens it never extends beyond the first median nervule. 
As a rule also, the Himalayan specimens are larger and rather paler in tint 
on the upperside." 
Ta-chien-lu, in Western China, so far appears to be the most eastern limit 
of the geographical range of this species. In the Himalayas it is found as far 
west as Kashmir, and eastward to Sikkim, occurring throughout the whole 
year in some places. 
The ty])ical form occurs throughout North Asia, Persia, Temperate Europe, 
and North Africa. 
Dr. Lang {I. c.) gives the following description of the early stages of 
A, latonia : — 
