VANESSA. 
253 
Genus VANESSA. 
Vanessa, Fabricius, Illiger's Magaziu, vi. p. 281 (1807) ; de Niceville, Butt, Ind. ii. 
p. 229(1886). 
Grapta and Vanessa, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. pp. 195-198 (1848). 
" Head of moderate width, densely clothed with long hairs. 
" Eijes more or less oval, densely hairy. 
" PnJpi porrect, ascending, projecting considerably beyond the forehead, scaly and densely hairy 
all round. First joint scarcely two fifths the length of the second, subcyliudric, much 
curved : second joint more or less swollen beyond the middle, thence tapering to the apex, 
which is obliquely truncate ; third joint fully two fifths the length of the second, slender, 
subcylindric, or nearly acicular, more or less pointed at the apex. 
Anlenme about three fourths the length of the body, with two distinct grooves below; the 
club rather short, gradually tapering at its origin ; the last joint minute, pointed. 
" Thoeax moderately stout, clothed with long hairs ; abdomen about two thirds the length of the 
inner margin of the hind wing. 
" Fore wing subtriangular ; the apex truncate : costal margin but little curved, sometimes deeply 
emarginate at the shoulder ; outer margin about three fourths the length of the costa, 
sinuate, emarginate ; inner margin nearly straight, slightly longer than the outer ; costal 
nervure rather stout, extending about to the middle of the costa ; subcostal nervure not 
much slenderer than the costal, and separated from it by a short interval ; its first and 
second branches thrown oif close together and but little before the end of the cell ; the 
third arising at about two thirds of the distance from the base to the apex, and terminating 
close to the apex ; the fourth rather nearer to the origin of the third than to the outer 
margin ; upper discocellular nervule very short, all but wanting ; middle discocellular 
likewise short ; lower discocellular atrophied, or nearly so, its position indicated by a faint 
line, sometimes showing the rudiment of a nervule, which arises from the second discoidal 
nervule, not far from its origin, and runs obliquely downwards to the median nervule. 
" Hind win;/ somewhat obovate ; inner margin longest ; costal and outer margins about equal, 
the former more or less rounded, the latter more or less sinuate, dentate, prolonged into a 
tooth or short tail at the termination of the third median nervula ; precostal nervure simple ; 
discoidal nervure arising from the second subcostal soon after its origin. 
" Fore legs of the male with the femur and tibia about equal in length, the latter rather stouter 
than the former ; tarsus of the same length as the tibia, subcylindric, or slightly tapering 
towards the apex, sometimes with one or two strangulations near the middle. Of the 
female, with the femur and tibia equal in length, the latter unarmed ; tarsus about the 
same length as the tibia, first joint more than three times the length of the second, spiny 
below beyond the middle, this and the three following joints armed at the apex with a 
stout spine on each side, mostly covered by a tuft of hairs at the base of the next joint ; 
second joint spiny below ; third and fourth about one third the length of the second ; the 
latter shorter than the former, very obliquely truncate at the apex : fifth joint short, trans- 
verse, sometimes scarcely visible from below. 
" Middle and hind legs moderately stout ; femora and tibife about equal, the latter spiny without 
and laterally within ; the spurs long, robust ; tarsi about as long as the tibine, spiny 
