GRAPTA. 
263 
G-rapta gigantea. (Plate XXV. fig. 6, $ .) 
Grnpta gigantea, Lcecb, Eutomologist^ xxiii, p. 189 (1890). 
Female. Primaries fulvous, thickly spriukled with black scales at the base ; costal margin spotted 
with black and yellow ; discal and costal black markings arranged as in G. c-album, but 
larger ; external margin broadly black, intersected by two fulvous waved transverse lines. 
iSecoudaries fulvous, thickly dusted with black scales at the base and lower half of the wing ; 
below a large black patch on the disc is a blackish cloud extending to abdominal fold, and 
beyond is a broad black transverse band, the outer edge of which forms a series of points on 
the nervules ; external margin broadly black, intersected by two fulvous lines as in primaries. 
Under surface ochreous-browu, marbled with pale violet-brown, and intersected by indistinct 
black lines ; before the external margin of all the wings are two dentated black lines ; these 
are interrupted by the nervules, and the space between them is leaden grey ; preceding these 
lines, on the primaries, is a scries of eight dots, the third, seventh, and eighth with pale 
centres ; on the disc of primaries is a silvery white s])ot jilaced on the third median nervule ; 
the silvery white mark on secondaries is large, and in shape represents three sides of a 
square. 
Expanse 72 milKm. 
One female example taken at Ta-chien-lu in July, at an elevation of 7500 
feet. 
This species is allied to G. c-alhum, Linn., but it is much larger, and the 
margins are more decidedly indented. The mark on under surface of 
secondaries is very like the same character in some of my specimens of 
G. c-album ixom Japan; but in the marking of the under surface of all the 
wings G. gigantea more nearly resembles V. canace, and it also agrees mth 
that species in having a white spot on under surface of primaries, a character 
not usual in the Vanessa group. 
Grapta c-album. (Plate XXV. fig. 5, var. ? .) 
Papilio c-album, Linnseus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 477 (1758). 
Vanessa c-alhwn, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 170, pi. xxxix. fig. 4 (1884) ; de Niceville, Butt. 
Ind. ii. p. 237 (1886) ; Pryer, Rhop. Nihon. p. 27, pi. vi. figs. 6 c, 6 6 (1888). 
Vanessa hamigera, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xix. p. 92 (1877). 
Vanessa fentoni, Butler, Cistula Entorn. ii. p. 281 (1878). 
Vanessa lunigera, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 850 ; Waterhouse, Aid Identif. 
Ins. pi. 106. 
Vanessa c-album, var. tibetana, Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, p. 363, pi. x. fig. 1. 
^' Male and Female. Upperside, both wings varying in shade from light fulvous to dark fulvous-red, 
the base irroratcd with fuscous and with a marginal black band, sometimes very broad on 
the hind wing, and enclosing a series of spots of the ground-colour at others much narrower, 
