264 
NYMPHALID^. 
•with a series of black more or less conjcined spots within, divided from it by a band of the 
ground-colour, sometimes on the fore wing with a series of pale j^ellow spots placed inwardly 
against it. Fore wing with a black bar in the middle of the coll, often divided into two 
well-separated spots one above the other ; a black bar at the end of the cell from the costa to 
the third median nervule, sometimes with a diffused pale yellow costal patch placed outwardly 
against it, with a wedge-shaped black l)ar beyond; with three rounded discal spots and a 
fourth less distinct diffused spot near the anal angle. Hind wing with three discal black 
spots. Underside extremely variable, the ground-colour sometimes ochreous, sometimes 
umber-brown, sometimes almost black, banded, streaked and striated with various shades of 
colour. Hind wing with a prominent comma-shaped white mark at the end of the cell." 
(de NiceviUe, I. c.) 
" Larva. Greyish brown, a whitish dorsal stripe reaching from the seventh to the thirteenth 
segment. Head with two horn-like projections. The colour of the head is black, and also 
that of the second segment, which is covered with minute bristly warts ; the rest of the body 
is covered with branching spines, brown and white in colour. The spiracles are black, 
surrounded by white and red-brown. Feeds, from June to August, on Ulmus, Humulus, 
Urtica, &c. 
" Fupa. Angulated, brown, decorated with metallic spots on the back of the thorax." {Lang, I. c.) 
Var. hami^era, Butler. " Allied to V. ar/ni and V. comma. Wings above bright orange-tawny ; 
basal area bronzy brown ; outer border golden brown, flecked with black ; fringe varied with 
white ; a submarginal series of semicounected reddish chocolate-coloured spots, immediately 
inside which the ground-colour becomes yellower in tint; primaries with a large bifid black 
spot across the middle of the cell; a second similar spot divided by the base of the first median 
branch ; a broad patch (widest upon the costa) across the discoccllulars ; two small, quadrate, 
discal black spots, placed obliquely upon tho median interspaces ; a broad, tapering, subapical 
patch, dentated externally, its base resting upon the costal margin ; a largo, subquadrate 
chocolate patch, confluent with the submarginal series (so as to enclose a lunulo of the 
ground-colour) at external angle, and two linear, subapical, angulated markings of tho same 
colour, but feebly indicated : secondaries with a rounded subcostal spot, an elongated, oblique 
discocellular spot, and a spot at the base of each median interspace black ; a broad discal 
macular band of chocolate, only separated from the submarginal spots of the same colour by 
a series of fine goldcn-orango lunate spots : body brown ; crest, collar, and thorax densely 
clothed with bright olive-green hairs having bright bronze reflections ; palpi grey, fringed on 
their upper edge with M'hitc, their inferior surface white, odgcd externally with black. 
Wings below brown, varied with grey, and covered with irregular black stria) ; two extremely 
irregular transverse black lines, indicating a central band ; the disk of primaries and a broad, 
subapical, costal patch on the secondaries, white, clouded with groy and striated with grey 
and black ; a discal series of more or less rounded spots, .and a subniarginiil series of lunatcd 
spots, golden grcon : secondaries with a central, silvery white, semicircular marking : pectus 
purplish grey ; tibicc and tarsi yellow ; venter grey, yellowish towards anus. Expanse of 
wings 2 inches 2 lines. 
" Aboui, :J70 miles from Tokei." (Butler, A. <Sf AL N. II.) 
V'ar. fentoni, liuller. " Wings bright tawny; priniariis with black markings as in V. saiijrns of 
the L'nited Slates, excepting that (he two spols ujton the median iiiterspaces are of twice the 
size; Hecondarios with the black spots across tho middle arranged as in c-album; outer 
