266 
NYMPHALID^. 
According to de Niceville (/. c.) V. c-album occurs in the Himalayas, from 
Kashmir to Sikkim, and is very variable in the shape of the wings, coloration, 
and extent and definition of the markings ; the same -writer is of opinion that 
G. agnicula *, Moore, is only a form of this species. 
Grapta c-aureum. (Plate XXV. figs. 3 5,4 var. 6 .) 
Papilio c-aureum, Linnseus, Syst. Nat. xii. p. 778 (1767). 
Polygonia c-aureum, Hiibnerj Samml. Exot. Schmett. (1816-1824). 
Vanessa c-aureum, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 324 (1819) ; Pryer, Rhop. Nihon. p. 25, 
pi. vi. figs. 7 a, 7 b (1888). 
Papilio angelica, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 388. figs. G, H (1782). 
Vanessa pryeri, Janson, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 269 (1878). 
Light fulvous. On the primaries there are three black spots in the discoidal cell, which is closed 
by an elongated square black spot ; towards apex there is a large blackish patch, often united 
with the first of an oblong series of four large black spots; another large black spot, 
bipupillated with blue, lies towards inner angle, and two smaller ones, with blue centres, 
towards apex ; submarginal and marginal bands black, the space between them often filled 
up with black or fuliginous, except near inner angle. Secondaries have the area black, 
covered with long light fulvous hairs ; three large black spots represent an angulated central 
band ; submarginal band black, preceded by a series of six blue-centred black spots, the 
upper three united and the lower three often only separated from each other by the median 
nervules ; sometimes the first spot of lower trio is united with tlio submarginal band. 
Under surface ochreous-yellow, traversed by darker lines, and mottled towards apex of 
primaries with brownish ; all the wings have a darker central band limited by brownish lines, 
the outer one deeply angulated ; the primaries have some brownish marks in tlic discoidal 
cell and a whitish sjwt towards apex, below which is often a series of black points, sometimes 
* Grapta agnicula, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1872, p. 559. 
" Male and Female. Cpperside bright fulvous red ; both wings witli prominent black markings 
disposed as in Kashmir specimens of G. c-albnm, excepting that in the fore wing the basal 
spot within the cell is l)rokcn up into two well-se2)arated spots, and tlio marginal band in the 
male is nearly obsolete at the apex. Female with a broader marginal bhickish-grey band, the 
band on the fore wing bordered by an inner row of yellowisli spots, and tliat on the 
hind wing by a medial row of yellow spots. Underside very dark greyish brown, brownest 
at the l)aHe within the irregular medial transverse lino, and covered witli mimitc black strigie ; 
a transverse discal row of hardly perceptible small black spots with pale borders ; a white 
comma-like mark on hind wing. 
" I/alj. Katmandu, Nepal ; Goolmurg, North-east Kashmir." (Moore, I.e.) 
I have liiken Hjjccimens of this insect, (ogether witli tyjiical G. c-alhum, in the Goorais VaUcy, 
Kasliniir, and have also received exanipics from Ladak, Lahoul, and Kulu, collected up to au 
elevation of 18,000 feet above seu-lcvel.— J. II. L. 
