282 
NTMPHALID^. 
Junonia almana. 
Papilio almana, Linngeus, Syst. Nat. x. i. p. 472 (1758) ; Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. Iviii. 
figs. V, G (1775) ; Donovan, Ins. China, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2 (1798). 
Vanessa almana, Goclart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 313 (1819). 
Junonia almana, de Niceville, Butt. Ind. ii. p. 68 (1886). 
" Male ani Female. May be known from J. asterie by the apex of the fore wing being usually 
much more truncate, the outer margin angled at the third median nervule, and the anal 
angle of the hind wing produced into a longer blunt-tipped tail. On the underside all the 
markings are less prominent, the discal ocelli very obscure, often obsolete. Expanse 2'1 to 
2-6 inches." {de Niceville, I. c.) 
The larva is said to feed on Gloxinia and Osheclcia. 
Referring to the distribution of this species, Mr. de Niceville says : " Occurs 
throughout continental and peninsular India, and in the outer Himalayas up 
to about 6000 feet elevation. It is not recorded from Ceylon or the Malay 
Peninsula, but is common through Assam, Sylhet, Cachar, Burma, and 
Upper Tenasserim. It occurs in the Andamans, in J ava and China, and 
whenever met with is a common insect." 
I have received specimens of J. almana from the same Chinese localities as 
J. asterie, and quite agree with Mr. de Niceville's suggestion that these 
may prove seasonal forms of one species. W. B. Fryer records specimens 
from the Snowy Valley, Ningpo. 
Junonia hierta. 
Papilio hicria, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 424 (1798). 
Junonia hierta, Swinlioc, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 505; de Niceville, Butt. Ind. 
ii. p. 71, pi. XX. fig. 91, S ? (1886). 
Papilio (jenone, Cramer (ucc Linrueus), Pap. Exot. i. pi. xxxv. figs. A, B, ? , C, 
(1775). 
Cynthia mnone, Donovan, Ins. China (new edition), p. 66, pi. xxxvi. fig. 1, ^ (1812). 
Junonia cenone, Hiibner, Vcrz. bek. Scliraett. p. 31 (1816) ; Moore, Lep. Ccyl. i. ]). 12, 
pi. xxii. figs. 3 3a ? (1881). 
" Male. Ui)per8idc black. Fore wing with a broad medial ochroous patch, extending from the 
base to beyond the disc, and thence narrowed and l)(>iit downwards ; two short paler ochroous 
streaks before the a])cx. Hind wing black, with a largo broad siibanal ochroous patch, and a 
largo distinct blue subbasal sjjot. 
Female. Uppcrsidc dark oclireou.s brown, with tlie oclireous patch paler, shortened basally, and 
crossed by two black lines on middle of the cell, and a broader discocolliilar band ; a l)lack 
upper ocellus and a large lower discal ocellus. Hind wing with a vory small upper and lower 
discal ocellus, and two marginal lunular ochroous lines. 
