64 



AFRICAN MIMETIC BUTTERFLIES 



and pattern. In a note in Roger's paper in Trans. Ent. Soc, 1908, Professor Poulton observes 

 that H. dinarcha occurs in the central part of the Congo State as the variety bartteloti, Grose 

 Smith, and that whilst A . echeria and A . alhimaculata do not occur there, the model is supplied 

 by a form of Amauris egialea having an ochreous hind- wing patch. The point is extremely 

 interesting as showing how a species may extend its range by following a slightly different 

 model, a process which might be carried on for a long period, the mimicking species ultimately 

 resembUng a very different model from that which first attracted it from its ancestral pattern. 



HYPOLIMNAS USAMBARA. 



Ward, Ent. Mo. Mag., ix, p. 148 (1872). 



Staudinger {imperialis) , Exot. Schmet., i, p. 137, pi. 47 (1885-6). 

 Aurivillius, Rhop. Aeth., p. 151 (1898). 



Plate V, Fig. 9. 



This magnificent species is one of the largest and rarest of the genus Hypolimnas. Except 

 for the reddish patch at the anal angle of the hind- wing, it might be almost taken for an excep- 

 tionally large example of H. wahlbergi, though the absence of the white spot in the fore-wing 

 cell, and the presence of the red-brown areas on the underside are very distinctive. It is 

 marked on the underside as on the upper, but the apical area between the white bar and the 

 margin is reddish-ochreous, and in the hind-wing there is a submarginal bar of the same 

 colour, the margin being narrowly bordered with black, ornamented with white spots dusted 

 with blue. The butterfly forms another member of the group mimetically associated with 

 A. niavius dominicanus. The example figured was taken near Rabai. The Rev. K. St. A. 

 Rogers in regard to this species writes as follows (Trans. Ent. Soc, p. 497, 1908) : ' I have 

 taken two more specimens of Euralia usambara a week ago. I must confess that the first 

 took me in completely. It was hovering over the end of a branch in the manner of the 

 Amauris model, for which I mistook it, and was just considering whether I should catch 

 it for my spiders, when it settled and I saw what it was.' 



The species appears to be restricted to German and British East Africa. 



ATERICA GALENE. 



Brown, New 111. Zool., p. 94, pi. 37 (1776). 

 Cramer [cupavia), Pap. Exot., iii, p. 2, pi. 193, ff. E, F (1779). 

 Hopffer (var. theophane), Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 641 (1855). 

 — Peters, Reise Mossamb. Ins., p. 387, pi. 22, ff. 7-10 (1862). 

 Aurivillius, Rhop. Aeth., p. 180 (1898). 



Plate IV, Fig. 16. 



This butterfly has a very wide range extending from Sierra Leone to German East 

 Africa, and is rather variable in appearance. The example figured was received from Entebbe, 

 together with the Amauris psyttalea which I have figured on the same plate. The male is 

 smaller and has much more black on the hind-wings, whilst aU the spots and markings are 

 pale yellow. I have examined a large series of this butterfly from West Africa, and find that 

 the females in that region usually have a fairly well-marked double line of pale submarginal 

 crescentic markings in the hind-wing, whilst there is often a reddish-brown suffusion extend- 

 ing from just within this border, nearly to the end of the ceU. Occasionally a form of the 

 female appears in which the spots of the fore-wing are pale yellow, whilst the discal area of 

 the hind-wings is rich ochreous. There is a marked difference in the female example from 

 Entebbe shown on Plate IV and the usual West African females, the discal spots in the 

 fore- wing being larger and more confluent, thus presenting a nearer approach to the Amauris. 



