PLATE I 



FORE-TARSI OF REPRESENTATIVE FAMILIES OF BUTTERFLIES 



Fig. I. NYMPHALIDAE. Hypolimnas misippus, Linn. The joints though visible are greatly reduced, 

 and there is an entire absence of claws. In many Nymphalid butterflies the last joint appears somewhat swollen 

 and the spines are generally visible even to the naked eye. 



Fig. 2. NYMPHALIDAE. Hypolimnas misippus, . There is no trace of joints and the tarsus is clothed 

 with fine hairs. These characteristics are very typical and the sex of most Nymphalid butterflies may be deter- 

 mined by an examination of these characters. 



Fig. 3. ERYCINIDAE. Abisara savitri, Feld. The joints and claws are present, though small, and the 

 claws are not always easy to observe. 



Fig. 4. ERYCINIDAE. Abisara savitri, 0^. Joints and claws still absent. The Erycinid fore-foot is 

 frequently distinguishable from that of the 5 by the exceptional growth of hair, which gives it a thick brush-like 

 appearance. 



Fig. 5. LYCAENIDAE. Lycaena icarus, Scop. The joints and claws are well developed. 



Fig. 6. LYCAENIDAE. Cupido zoe, 'Re^k. cr^ . The tarsus is still exarticulate and devoid of claws, though 

 strongly spined on the underside. In some male Lycaenidae one claw is present. In the aberrant African genus 

 Arrugia, Wall., the male fore-tarsi are jointed and armed with two claws. 



Fig. 7. PIERIDAE. Ganoris rapae, Linn, . The tarsi are complete and jointed in both sexes, and bear 

 not only bifid claws but also the additional apparatus known as the pulvillus and paronychia. 



Fig. 8. A more highly magnified view of the terminal joint of the above. There is no difference in the 

 feet of the two sexes. 



Fig. 9. PAPILIONIDAE. Papilio echerioides, Trim. 5. The claws are simple and without appendages. 



Fig. 10. PAPILIONIDAE. Papilio dardanus cenea, Stoll, o^. The claws are simple, though the joints 

 are somewhat longer than in echerioides. 



Fig. II. HESPERIDAE. Tagiades flesus, Fabr. o^. The pulvillus is present and there is an appendage 

 on the tibia, which is also found, however, in Papilio. 



Fig. 12. HESPERIDAE. The same species. One of the hind-legs showing the second pair of spurs on the 

 tibia. 



