212 



INDIANA UNIVERSITY STITDIES 



County thoro are at least 100 tlowin^- which a\erage twenty 



gallons per minute. I'his would make a total of about 1,700,000 

 gallons per cla\\ or nuni^ than enough watia* for a eity of 30,000 

 iuhalntauts withmit extensive manul'aeturing plants. Tlu^se w(^!ls 

 could l>c closed up when not in use. 11' this watia* was being used 

 it would l>e permissible, but to let it be wasted is n^suithig in mater- 

 ially lowering the water table eaeh year. 



The loss of watei' is not the onh' otfensive thing to be eon- 

 sidered. Dr. J, ^^ . Beetle, of Indiana Uni\ersit>% in a paper before 

 the Indiana State Board of Health, has shown that old adjust- 

 ments are broken as the water table is lowered, thus eausing what 

 onee was good water to be(\mie unfit for use. The water that makes 

 up the water table is not derived from an inexhaustible source, 

 but in a large measure depends upon the immediate rainfall, and 

 if this is carried away by an elaborate system of ditches, but little 

 water will have a chance to soak into th(^ ground to replenish the 

 lowering water table. On the other hand the water is carried a^vay 

 at once and helps to increase the height of the flood stage. It 

 seems that it is absolutely necessary to drain our cultivated fields, 

 but in doing so there should be some way by which we could retain 

 the surplus waters and thus permit some of them to return to the 

 ground, raising the lowering water table, and, by decreasing the 

 immediate run-off, lessen the flood height and intensity. 



Another source of waste of water is the great amount of water 

 that is so recklessly used in cities. Ordinarily in a city where 

 there is not much manufacturing, 40 gallons per capita per day is 

 sufficient for all ordinary needs. As a rule there are many times 

 that amount pumped. The following cities all use more than is 



necessary: 



Rochester 125 gallons per day per capita. 



Goshen 150 gallons per da}" per capita. 



Peru 100 gallons per day per capita. 



Danville 150 gallons per day per capita. 



Lebanon 100 aallons per day per capita. 



^^'ashington 125 gallons per day per capita. 



These data were taken and compiled by INIr. Charles Brossman, 

 of Indianapolis; they give a fair idea of the use of water by the 

 towns and cities over the State: and if the statement made by 

 j\Ir. Clapp, that for the ordinary city forty gallons per capita per 

 day is sufficient, is true, they show that there is a great amount 

 of water wasted every day that might as well be left in the ground. 

 This loss or misuse of water could be remedied by the installation 

 of a sufficient number of meters. Of the 14-i towns and cities in 



