222 



INDIANA UNIVERSITY STUDIES 



deposition was at the mouth of the Muscatatuck, on the East 

 Fork. 



32. On the West Fork the loss from bank cutting must be 

 as much as 100 acres per year and may be three or four times that 

 amount, but not less. 



33. There was at least 7,850 acres denuded, 160 acres lost 

 by bank cutting, 1,520 acres badly covered with sand and gravel, 

 and 15,600 acres covered with silt. 



34. By using the statements of possibly a hundred farmers 

 as to how much each of these different factors damaged the land, 

 the estimate dam^age to soil alone was placed at $246,500. The 

 total cost of replacing the structure damaged and destroyed is esti- 

 mated at $498,998. 



35. When the upper portion of the drainage basin has been 

 deforested, the sediment that is derived from it and deposited on 

 the flood plain is not so productive as it was before the removal 

 of the forest. 



36. China uses the sediment of her great rivers to build up the 

 low ground near the delta region, thus reclaiming many hundreds 

 of square miles for agriculture. 



37. A great amount of the flood water is diverted by a system 

 of canals into the low lying land where much sediment is deposited 

 in the bottom of the canals and is later carried out upon the nearby 

 fields, both enriching and building them up above the danger point 

 of future floods. 



38. Considerable bottom land of the lower Mississippi River 

 could be reclaimed in this manner. 



39. Railroad bridges are generally too small and restrict the 

 flow of water. 



40. The railroads that crossed the valley on trestle-work 

 were not damaged. 



41. Where a bridge or part of a railroad grade was washed 

 out the railroad companies have not increased the length of 

 trestle-work, but have rebuilt the grade. 



42. Bank cutting is not limited to times of excessive floods, 

 and can be prevented by the planting of trees, riprap, and jetties. 



43. In the stretch of river studied the greatest loss was due 

 to soil wash. 



44. There has been no attempt to conserve the great amount 

 of sediment that is being carried to the ocean. 



45. The flood occurred at a time of year when there was a 

 minimum amount of damage to the growing crops. 



