260 SPANISH AMERICA. 



were only allowed to obtain, at heavy ad- 

 ditional cost, through Spain. 



Spanish America was politically divided 

 into the vice-royalties of New Spain, or 

 Mexico, Santa F6 de Bogota, or New Grena- 

 da, Peru, Buenos-Ayres, or the provinces of 

 Rio de la Plata, and the captain-generalships 

 of Guatemala, Venezuela, and Chili. The 

 viceroys and captains-general of these terri- 

 tories were appointed by the King of Spain, 

 and acted independently of each other. 

 The vice-royalties and captain-generalships 

 were subdivided into Intendencias and pro- 

 vinces, over which presided IntendenteSy Go- 

 bernadores, or Corregidores, who were also ap- 

 pointed by the king, but who were depen- 

 dent upon the viceroys or captains-generah 

 These provinces were likewise subdivided 

 into departments, in which resided the de- 

 legates of the chiefs of the provinces, and 

 the judges, called Alcaldes , who were nomi- 



