Production of Butter. 



tlie process tlie temperature increased as formerly, and at the end 

 of three hours, when the operation was finished, it was ascertained 

 to have risen to 68'. The quantity of butter obtained was 27 lbs., 

 of a quality similar to that obtained in the last recited experiment. 



5th Experiment, 9th September, 1823. — A like quantity of 

 cream was used at the n'emperature of 66°, and the weight per 

 gallon 8 lbs. The churning occupied two hours and a half, at 

 the expiration of which the temperature was found to have risen 

 to 75°, being an increase of 9^. 25 lbs. 8 ozs. of butter were 

 obtained by this experiment, of a character much inferior to that 

 produced in any of the former experiments, being soft and 

 spongy. 



The results are, for conciseness, shown in the following table : — 



No. 



Date of 

 Experiments. 



No. of 

 gallons. 



Mean 

 tempera- 

 ture. 



Time 

 occupied in 

 churning. 



Quantity of 

 butter obiained 

 per gallon. 



Weight of 

 the churned 

 milk per 

 gallon. 





1S20. 





o 



li. m. 



lb. OZS. dvvts. 



lbs. OZS. 



1 



Aug. 18 



15 



55 



4 0 



1 15 7-5 



8 9 



2 



„ 2G 



15 



60 



3 15 



1 15 3-2 



8 8 



3 



,, 30 



15 



62 



3 0 



1 14 0 



8 8 



4 



Sept. 4 



15 



64 



3 1 



1 12 12-7 



8 8 



5 



„ 9 



15 



70 



2 30 



1 10 10-6 



8 7 



About the same period a similar set of experiments on churn- 

 ing cream v/as made by Mr. John Ballantine, of Edinburgh, 

 from v/hich it appeared that the greatest quantity of butter from 

 a given quantity of cream is obtained at 60' ; and the best equality 

 at 55° in the churn just before the butter comes. When the heat 

 exceeded 65°, no washing could detach the milk from the butter 

 without the aid of salt ; but when a quantity of salt was wrought 

 well into it, and the mass allowed to stand for 24 hours, subsequently 

 being well washed with cold spring water, the serous portion of 

 the milk was extracted. 







"o 



2 s 



eat when 

 comes. 



if butter, 

 the lb. 





0 

 S 



'5 



0 g 



No. 



Date. 



Ph I 







^ o 





ll 









■f 5 



p 







1 i 



o 



To 

 ^0 



0 --^ 























1825. 





o 



O 



lbs. OZS. 







0 



1 



Jim. 13 



16 



56 



GO 



16 8 



1^ liours. 



4 lbs. to pint 



b') 



■ 2 



„ 20 



16 



52 



56 



16 0 



2" hours. 



ditto 



52 



3 



„ 24 



16 



52 



56 



16 0 



2 hours. 



ditto 



52 



4 



July 12 



16 



65 



67 



15 8 



30 minutes. 



3 lbs. 14 ozs. do. 



70 



5 



Oct. 20 



16 



50 



53i 



15 12 



3 hours. 



4 lbs. 1 oz. ditto. 



50 



G 



Aug. 20 



16 



53i 



57j 



16 5 



IJ hours. 



4 lbs. ditto. 





