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nit}' of this kind presented itself at the Fazenda do Barro ; and I 

 was the more induced to avail myself of it, from considering that the 

 precedent whichi wished to give to the farmers of the district would have 

 greater influence by being sanctioned by the approval of His Excel- 

 lency the Conde de Linhares. The result, as I have just observed, was 

 not very flattering to my hopes ; a solitary experiment can do little 

 towards reforming a general evil of long continuance ; and there is 

 no probability that this or any other branch of the farming system of 

 the country will he improved, until the great and the opulent zeal- 

 ously unite for the accomplishment of an object so highly important. 



In our excursions through various parts of the estate, we observed 

 on the exterior of many of the trees a great variety of crimson lichens, 

 which, on being steeped in water, imparted a very strong tinge of 

 that colour. Here were excellent barks for tanning, particularly 

 that of a tree called Canifistula, which does not redden or colour the 

 hide. We found many beautiful varieties of the jacaranda, or rose- 

 w'ood. 



Having resided at Bairo some days, we set out for the Fazenda 

 de Castro, distant about seven miles, where we arrived, after a plea- 

 sant ride over a mountainous and finely-wooded district, containing 

 large tracts of rich virgin land, watered by many excellent streams. 

 This noble mansion was erected by the first possessor of the district, 

 Senhor Matthias Barbosa. It is very spacious and airy, having a gal- 

 lery in front forty-eight yards long, to which open fourteen folding- 

 doors, or windows, extending nearly from the top to the bottom of 

 the rooms. It is situated near the confluence of the Riberon del 

 Carmen and the Rio Gualacha, which form the San Jose, a river as 

 large as the Thames at Battersea. 



We did not rest above an hour at this fazenda, it being our inten- 

 tion to visit the aldea or village of San Jose de Barra Longa, situated 

 on the confines of the territory inhabited by the Bootocoody Indians. 

 Crossing the river by a fine wooden bridge, built about fifty years 

 ago, but still in tolerable repair, we proceeded along the bank, which 



