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its neighbourhood, the produce of which they sent to their native 

 place, as it was their custom to do with all the gold found in the 

 various parts which they explored ; on this account the city of 

 St. Paul's acquired a much higher reputation for riches than it me^ 

 rited, it being generally believed that all the gold sent from thence 

 was procured in that vicinity. Some years after the establishment of 

 Sabara, the Court of Lisbon sent out a nobleman as governor to re- 

 duce the settlers, and to oblige them to pay a tribute in conformity 

 to the laws of the colony. The settlers took up arms, and several 

 encounters took place, in one of which the nobleman was killed : 

 but, after some time, the viceroy sent great reinforcements into the 

 interior, and quelled the insurgents, who submitted to pay a fifth of 

 the gold produced. A person of the name of Artis, who was a man 

 of great intrepidity and perseverance, and had made considerable 

 discoveries in the neighbourhood, was afterwards appointed governor, 

 and this proved the means of reconciling all parties. 



While the Paulistas remained within their own territory, they were 

 not, in any instance of which there is record, inimical to Government: 

 but after they had formed a large settlement, and were become 

 populous, they were not contented with living in as fine a cli- 

 mate and as fertile a soil as imagination can conceive, but began to 

 migrate in search of gold, traversing unknown countries, and encoun- 

 tering every species of fatigue. When they had explored and occu- 

 pied rich districts, at the expence of many lives and indescribable 

 hardships, it is not a matter of surprise that they should be desirous 

 to maintain their right to them by every means in their power. 

 These enterprising men were the only active adventurers in the co- 

 lony ; they knew their own superiority to the rest of the inhabitants, 

 and a sense of it inclined them to oppose Government, who failed 

 not to bestow upon them epithets which they little deserv^ed. It is 

 well known, however, that, in the colonial war of 1770, the troops of 

 the Portugueze government would have made but a wretched figure 

 without the Paulistas in the Paraguay, and the very extensive terri- 



