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The principal points to be attended to in making sugar are, first, 

 that the canes be all ripe, and well cleaned from trash and leaves ; 

 next, that thej be immediately crushed, and not suffered to lie in 

 heaps to heat ; and thirdly, that the rollers, and all the passages for 

 the liquor, be well cleansed by washing as often as necessary. Re- 

 specting the temper., various opinions prevail ; every negro has his 

 peculiar mode of mixing and applying it. Canes that grow on some 

 lands require more temper than those that grow on others, and a wet 

 or a dry season will make considerable difference in the juice ; but 

 these facts are here entirely unknown, or very little attended to. , 



The middle parts of the sugar loaves being finer than the tops and 

 bottoms, are by some houses kept separate, and sold at a better 

 price. In almost every family they refine Muscovado sugar, when 

 they wish to have some peculiarly white. The process is very simple, 

 and is practised daily in the coffee-houses. 



More sugar is shipped from Bahia than from all the other ports 

 of Brazil united, and in general it is superior in quality ; that from 

 certain plantations is decidedly so. It is not, however, esteemed of 

 so strong a body as our best from the West Indies. 



The tobacco of this capitania is peculiar to it ; and, by an exclu- 

 sive privilege, no other part of Brazil was allowed to cultivate the 

 same sort. It has given rise to much commerce, and has enriched 

 many families. It was the most esteemed sort, not only in Portu- 

 gal, but in Spain, and all her colonies, where it has been sold at great 

 prices. Great quantities of it were consumed in Barbary ; and on. 

 many parts of the coast of Guinea the demand for it was such that 

 it was almost impossible to carry on trade for gold, ivory, gums, and 

 oil without it. The mode of growing and manufacturing it is as 

 follows : — First a good piece of ground is prepared, the finer 

 dressed the better ; the seed is sown broad-cast, and when the 

 plants are about six weeks or two months grown, they are trans- 

 planted into ground prepared as before. In eight or ten months they 

 arrive at their full growth, and when ripe the leaves are taken from 



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